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SCHEDULING


Enviado por   •  26 de Mayo de 2013  •  1.046 Palabras (5 Páginas)  •  340 Visitas

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SCHEDULING

1.1 The Role of Scheduling

Scheduling is a decision-making process that is used on a regular basis in many manufacturing and services industries. It deals with the allocation of resources to tasks over given time periods and its goal is to optimize one or more objectives.

The resources and tasks in an organization can take many different forms. The resources may be machines in a workshop, runways at an airport, crews at a construction site, processing units in a computing environment, and so on. The tasks may be operations in a production process, take-offs and landings at an airport, stages in a construction project, executions of computer programs, and so on. Each task may have a certain priority level, an earliest possible starting time and a due date. The objectives can also take many different forms. One objective may be the minimization of the completion time of the last task and another may be the minimization of the number of tasks completed after their respective due dates.

Scheduling, as a decision-making process, plays an important role in most manufacturing and production systems as well as in most information processing environments. It is also important in transportation and distribution settings and in other types of service industries.

1.2 The Scheduling Function in an Enterprise

The scheduling function in a production system or service organization must interact with many other functions. These interactions are system-dependent and may differ substantially from one situation to another. They often take place within an enterprise-wide information system.

A modern factory or service organization often has elaborate information system in place that includes a central computer and database. Local area networks of personal computers, workstations and data entry terminals, which are connected to this central computer, may be used either to retrieve data from the database or to enter new data. The software controlling such an elaborate information system is typically referred to as an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. A number of software companies specialize in the development of such systems, including SAP, J.D. Edwards, and PeopleSoft. Such an ERP

System plays the role of an information highway that traverses the enterprise with, at all organizational levels, links to decision support systems.

Scheduling is often done interactively via a decision support system that is installed on a personal computer or workstation linked to the ERP system. Terminals at key locations connected to the ERP system can give departments throughout the enterprise access to all current scheduling information. These departments, in turn, can provide the scheduling system with up-to-date information concerning the statuses of jobs and machines.

There are, of course, still environments where the communication between the scheduling function and other decision making entities occurs in meetings or through memos.

1.2.1 Scheduling in manufacturing

Consider the following generic manufacturing environment and the role of its scheduling. Orders that are released in a manufacturing setting have to be translated into jobs with associated due dates.

These jobs often have to be processed on the machines in a work center in a given order or sequence. The processing of jobs may sometimes be delayed if certain machines are busy and preemptions may occur when high priority

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