Databases

Database applications are used to store vital information necessary to running every business. A database is a table of data structures, which is connected in relationships to other data to model business information and processes in tabular form. The proper choice of software and database development environments is key to managing business operations.

1. Client-Server Model

o All businesses that use computers rely on databases to keep track of key operations information. Databases are built into operating systems and used by even simple software. Small operations may use individual address book software to keep track of a contact list for each employee, but most companies rely on software to maintain centralized databases, which can be shared across teams or the entire company.

In these situations, businesses set up client-server databases. A server is a centralized, powerful computer that houses the data, which needs to be shared. It is accessed by individual computers called clients, which are distributed throughout the company. A client could be a desktop computer, a web browser or a handheld device, depending upon the capabilities of the database software.

2. Customer Relationship Management

o A common type of database used by businesses is Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software, which combines company-wide address databases with sales, marketing and customer support functions. CRM software is used to create workflow pipelines for sales leads, contact tracking so that a history of contact with a customer can be handled by sales and post-sale support, and followup marketing and add-on sales to that customer over the lifetime of the relationship.

Customized Database Development

o Most businesses start with "off-the-shelf" software packages, such as a company-wide address book and CRM system. However, as the database needs of each business are uniquely tailored to its business operations, many businesses begin working with custom database solutions. A custom database can take any structured data the developer desires, manipulate it and present it back to the user in a variety of formats. Custom databases can range from a single computer printing out mailing labels, to the massive databases used to run Amazon or eBay.

Businesses can hire staff to develop and maintain their databases, or outsource their programming needs to third parties. Many small to medium-sized businesses rely on database development packages, including FileMaker Pro and Microsoft Access for their development needs. These databases are relatively inexpensive, and have many online resources and third-party developers available for custom development. However, there are hundreds of different database environments to choose from, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. Businesses needing to choose one

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