Information and Communication Technology

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Preparatoria No. 7

Name: Wendy Mariana Zamora Flores

Abraham Mateo Villafaña Montoya

Group: 130

Subject: Information and Communication Technology 1

Teacher: C.R. y M.C.R. Cenia de la Garza Salinas

Knowledge Acquisition Activity

Title: The Computer Classification

Stage: 1 “Operative system Windows 7 “

August 12TH 2013

Index

1. Hardware …………………………………………………………………. 1

2. Software ………………………………………………………………….. 2

3. Operative System ………………………………………………………. 3

4. Types of interfaces in the operative systems …………………….. 4

5. Components of Windows 7 graphic environment ……………….. 5

COMPUTER CLASSIFICATION

Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery wires, transistors, and circuits are called hardware; the instructions and data are called software.

Hardware

The term hardware refers to all tangible parts of a computer system, its components are: electrical, electronic, electromechanical and mechanics. These cables, cabinets or boxes, peripherals of all kinds and any other physical element involved; contrary, support software is intangible and is called software.

One way to classify the hardware is in two categories: first, the "core", which covers all the essential components necessary to provide the minimum functionality to a computer, and on the other hand, the hardware "complementary" which, as its name suggests, is used to perform specific functions not strictly necessary for the operation of the computer.

These are some of the elements that integrate the hardware:

- Screen: comprises the display device, circuitry and an enclosure.

- Keyboard: is a means of interacting with your computer. You really only need to use the keyboard when you're typing text.

- Mouse: Your mouse probably has at least two buttons on it. The button on the left is called the primary mouse button; the button on the right is called the secondary mouse button or just the right mouse button.

- Image scanner: is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image.

- Printer: is a peripheral which produces a representation of an electronic document on physical media such as paper or transparency film.

- Camera: is a video camera that feeds its image in real time to a computer or computer network.

- Joystick: is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.

Input devices Keyboard, image scanners, microphone, joystick, mouse, webcam.

Output devices Screen, printer, speakers, plotter. PCU

Software

Computer software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. The term is used to contrast with computer hardware, the physical objects that carry out the instructions. Hardware and software require each other and neither has any value without the other.

On most computer platforms, software can be grouped into a few broad categories:

• System software is the basic software needed for a computer to operate (most notably the operating system);

• Application software is all the software that uses the computer system to perform useful work beyond the operation of the computer itself;

• Embedded software resides as firmware within embedded systems, devices dedicated to a single use. In that context there is no clear distinction between the system and the application software.

System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality, and to provide a platform for running application software. System software includes device drivers, operating systems, servers, utilities, and window systems.

Operative System

It’s a program that informatics system synchronizes the hardware recourses and gives services to the application programs, running the prestige mode about the rest.

Operating systems can be classified as follows:

- Multi-user: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.

- Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU.

- Multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.

- Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.

- Real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.

Functions:

1. It coordinates the processing of tasks.

2. It provides diagnostic errors of the basic parts of the computer.

3. It serves as a connection to run the application software.

4. It interprets and executes the instructions through the interface that provides to the user.

Types of interfaces in the operative systems

Interface questions and answers: In the early days of computers. Was the only realistic way interface. You could contact the specific system commands as shown in the figure. Although it is a concise, is very prone to errors, very strict and difficult to learn.

Menu interface simple: It is a variation in the above manner, the user is presented a list of options and the selection is made by a number, letter, or a particular code. It offers the user a global context and has less error rate than before, but their use can become tedious. This is the case of the options of the example of figure, including sub-options inside the main options.

Windows oriented interface: As hardware has become more efficient and software engineers have learned more about human factors, interface techniques evolved, reaching what is known as the third generation interfaces.

...