Partes De Corazón (Inglés)

HEART

Is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries (which provide oxygen and nutrients to body tissues by transporting the blood throughout the body). The heart is located in the thoracic cavity medial to the lungs and posterior to the sternum.

PARTS OF THE HEART

• Aorta

The body's largest artery. Takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

• Pulmonary Artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

• Oxygenated

Blood carrying oxygen.

• Deoxygenated

Blood carrying little or oxygen.

• Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

• Pulmonary Vein

Takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

• Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta.

• Right Ventricle

Pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery.

• Coronary Vessels

Supply the heart muscle with its blood supply.

• Arteries

Carry blood AWAY from the heart.

• Veins

Carry blood TOWARDS the heart.

• Bicuspid Valve

Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

• Tricuspid Valve

Valve between the right atrium in the right ventricle.

• Vena Cava

The largest vein in the body, it carries blood from the body back to the heart.

ANATOMY OF THE HEART

The heart sits within a fluid-filled cavity called the pericardial cavity. The walls and lining of the pericardial cavity are a special membrane known as the pericardium. Pericardium is a type of serous membrane that produces serous fluid to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the ever beating heart and its surrounding organs. Besides lubrication, the pericardium serves to hold the heart in position and maintain a hollow space for the heart to expand into when it is full. The pericardium has 2 layers—a visceral layer that covers the outside of the heart and a parietal layer that forms a sac around the outside of the pericardial cavity.

The heart wall is made of 3 layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium.

Epicardium: The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall and is just another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium. Thus, the epicardium is a thin layer of serous membrane that helps to lubricate and protect the outside of the heart. Below the epicardium is the second, thicker layer of the heart wall: the myocardium.

Myocardium. The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the cardiac muscle tissue. Myocardium makes up the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart wall and is the part of the heart responsible for pumping blood. Below the myocardium is the thin endocardium layer.

Endocardium. Endocardium is the simple squamous endothelium layer that lines the inside of the heart. The endocardium is very smooth and is responsible for keeping blood from sticking to the inside of the heart and forming potentially deadly blood clots.

VALVES OF THE HEART

The heart functions by pumping blood both to the lungs and to the systems of the body. To prevent blood from flowing backwards or “regurgitating” back into the heart, a system of one-way valves are present in the heart. The heart valves can be broken down into two types: atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

• Atrioventricular valves. The atrioventricular (AV) valves are located in the middle of the heart between the atria and ventricles and

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