Outlineess

Índice

1        Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity        

1.1        State and trends of biodiversity        

1.2        Institutional framework for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use        

1.3        Policy objectives and targets on nature and biodiversity, including international commitments        

1.4        Institutional and regulatory framework for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use        

1.5        Policy objectives and targets on nature and biodiversity, including international commitments        

1.7        Policy instruments for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use (excluded protected area)        

1.7.1        Regulatory and command and control        

1.7.2        Economic instruments        

1.7.3        Information and other instruments        

1.8        Evaluation of biodiversity and ecosystem services and use of economic evaluation methods for policy making.        

1.9        Investing in ecological infrastructure and restoring degraded eco-systems        

1.10        Mainstreaming biodiversity and nature concerns in sectoral/other policies        

1.11        Addressing distributional issues, including clarifying rights to resources and distribution of benefits and costs between different groups; employment opportunities        

1.12        International co-operation        

2        Protected areas        

2.1        Contribution of PA to protection of biodiversity        

2.2        Indicators on protected areas        

2.2. Indigenous territories        

2.3        Institutional and regulatory framework for managing protected areas        

2.5        Process and instruments for the establishment of protected áreas        

2.6        Instruments to manage protected areas        

2.7        Financial and human resources for the management of protected áreas        

2.8        Role of non-governmental organizations and the private sector in the management of, and investment in, protected areas        

2.9        Activities in protected areas, e.g. scientific research, education, tourism, craft products        

2.10        Urban protected areas; natural areas in or close to cities, green belts        

2.11        International co-operation and projects        

2.12        Focus or case study on a selected protected área        

1. Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity

State and trends of biodiversity

State and trends of, and pressures on, species and habitats (terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems); alien species; trends in threatened species; fragmentation and degradation of habitats and ecosystems.

Brazil has 5 Biomes

[pic 1]

Main drivers of change= habitat loss, illegal logging, deforestation, forest degradation

Underlying causes

• soy and meat production, infrastructure development (roads, hydroelectric plants, mining activities), illegal logging, agricultural expansion, forest fires.

It is necessary to protect biodiversity, combat deforestation and degradation and overexplotation, promote the sustainable use of biodiversity

Macro objectives

- Protect biodiversity

• Aichi targets (protection of biodiversity)
• PNMC – National Plan of climate Change

Forest Policy

- Combat deforestation

• PPCDAm
• PNMC – National Plan of climate Change

- Sustainable use

• Law for the Management of Public Forests (Law 11284/06)
• Plano Nacional para os produtos da Sociobiodiversidade

Marine Policy

Objectives to protect marine biodiversity

- Progress with respect to objectives/ targets;

- Projections

State and trends

6 Biomes (Amazônia, Cerrado, Pantanal, Caatinga, Mata Atlântica, Pampa)

Terrestrial ecosystems

- Brazil as a forest rich country (Forest cover as a percentage of Brazil’s area)

- Biodiversity (number of species, endemic species; two biodiversity hotspots - Mata Atlântica biome and Cerrado biome)

Amazon

• Area: 4,3 mi of hectares
• Threats: Habitat loss and degradation
• Drivers: land use conversion for agriculture und pastures, habitat degradation, fragmentation, infra-structure development,

Atlantic Forests

• Area:
• Threats: Fragmentation, biodiversity loss, forest and native vegetation degradation, water shortage
• Drivers: Densely populated area,

Other biomes

- summary

Marine ecosystems

• area
• marine biodiversity data
• state of the protections and trends

Institutional and regulatory framework for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAPs)

Responsibility for the biodiversity protection issues:

Federal level

• MMA (with ICMBio, SFB)
• IBAMA
• ANA (has programs that influence biodiversity protection)

State level

- State level environmental agencies and their responsibilities

Policy instruments for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use (excluded protected area)

Regulatory and command and control

• Law of Environmental Crimes (Lei de Crimes Ambientais) – no hunting is allowed
• Bans (from the list of endangered species)
• Law for the Protection of Native Vegetation (update on the Forest Code - Law 4771/65)
• Law for the Protection of the Atlantic Forests
• Economic and ecological zoning
• Licensing process (federal level and state level)

Permits and quotas

• Sustainable logging permits in National Forests
• Quotas: No catch periods + grant

Economic instruments

Price based instruments

Green ICMS

-- > green VAT – redistribution mechanism

PES

→ PES (bill has been elaborated)

→ Green Grant (cash conditional transfer/ type of PES for people in extreme poverty living in sustainable development PAs)

→ Water Producer Program (ANA) – which also contributes to biodiversity protection

→ State level PES systems (Acre, Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo)

Tradable permits

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