Proyecto Procesamiento digitl de imagens

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BLOOD CELL PROCESSING FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT IN LEUKEMIA

. Díaz Lorena, González Gina, Pirachican Juan Camilo.

ginnapao.1996@gmail.com

Abstract — In this article there is a proposal on improvement of blood cells for the identification of cells altered in size with leukemia cells performing the segmentation and discrimination of the areas of tissue specific components leukocytes and erythrocytes works as a tool in the diagnosis of cancer in the blood, where improvements of contrast and brightness can be executed to later apply a filter for the selected cells, by means of an algorithm implemented in Matlab with different images from a database.

1. INTRODUCTION

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood tissue and whose origin is found in the production of cells in the bone marrow, where the production of lymphoid and myeloid cells is altered at the level of their genetic code making them dysfunctional cells , where this type of cancer according to the WHO affects populations between the elderly and the elderly, becoming a cancer with a high rate of morbidity worldwide.

For the diagnosis of blood disorders, the most common tests for flow cytometry and bone marrow aspiration, where the main objective is to find differences between healthy and pathological cells, which in case of being carcinogenic are proceeds to carry out a study for the cells present in the marrow and in the blood, so that the sea is possible to separate the components of the blood, these procedures are usually conclusive, in case the doctor considers it necessary as TAC (tomography computerized axial), X-rays and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), which together with the digital processing of images help detect tissue abnormalities, which in the case of leukemia indicate the evolution of cancer to the blood in organs such as the kidneys , the spleen, the liver and mainly the bone marrow.

One of the objectives of engineering is the development of tools for health professionals, so that they can provide patients with an adequate diagnosis and treatment for the pathologies presented; in the case that the cancer has been presented in biological systems in many ways, without taking into account the evolution of it and how it spreads in the body.

1. OBJECTIVES

General purpose:

• To realize the processing image of blood cells using an algorithm in the software Matlab for diagnostic support in leukaemia.

Specific objectives

• To recognize the principal characteristics of the blood cells and the alterations generated by the disease of leukaemia to identify his typical bosses.
•  To implement a code in Matlab that allows to obtain the size of the blood cells from images and that indicates possible presence of leukaemia.
• To evaluate the accuracy of the program on having compared images of healthy cells and with alterations.

1. Problem Statement

Different types of examinations exist to realize a blood test, these are realized in order to do diagnoses of diseases or as methods of periodic control of evolutions of a disease [1], the aim of these examinations is to distinguish the concentrations of the components of the blood and to find differences between healthy cells and the pathological ones, where on having identified alterations the pertinent explorations will have to be realized for the follow-up of the disease [2].

Great part of the practice of hematología is based on observations for which there identify the types, characteristic and populations of present cells in a sample, even using methods automated often it is necessary to to resort to the manual methods to guarantee the efficiency on having compared the morphology and physiology of the normal cells with possibly infected cells and according to the knowledge of the assessor to diagnose the possible diseases that are causing these changes [3]

With a smear of blood or extended of blood, it is possible to analyze a drop of blood in the microscope, where according to the form and characteristics of the cells there are identified the abnormal cells that can be generated by different diseases indicating that there are possible alterations in the body, according to the precision that is had on having identified the characteristics of the cells it is possible to realize a suitable diagnosis on the part of the professional of the health who is analyzing the samples, having this in account, on having managed to identify with major accuracy features or bosses of abnormal cells a major certainty of the diagnosis is obtained, but often, it is not possible to detect completely the alterations of the great quantity of cells that they find in an alone drop of blood for which it is possible to come to stop to spend relevant information of the cells [4].

To help the professionals of the health in the moment to realize a diagnosis according to a blood test, it is possible to develop a tool that allows him to obtain information more detailed about the present cells in the sample in order that it is easier to identify alterations and to compare them with normal cells.

1. theoretical framework

A. Blood

Blood is a living tissue that is composed of a liquid part called plasma that makes up 55%, which contains water, salts and proteins, and a solid part that makes up 45%, where red blood cells are concentrated, white blood cells and platelets [1].

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