Juan Rodriguez

Management in business and organizations is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization or initiative to accomplish a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. Management is also an academic discipline, a social science whose object of study is the social organization.

Contents [hide]

1 Etymology

2 Definitions

2.1 Theoretical scope

3 Nature of managerial work

4 Historical development

4.1 Early writing

4.2 19th century

4.3 20th century

4.4 21st century

5 Topics

5.1 Basic functions

5.2 Basic roles

5.3 Skills

5.4 Formation of the business policy

5.4.1 Implementation of policies and strategies

5.4.2 Policies and strategies in the planning process

5.5 Levels

5.5.1 Top-level management

5.5.2 Middle-level managers

5.5.3 First-level managers

5.6 Training

5.6.1 USA

6 See also

7 References

8 External links

Etymology[edit]

The verb 'manage' comes from the Italian maneggiare (to handle, especially tools), which derives from the Latin word manus (hand). The French word mesnagement (later ménagement) influenced the development in meaning of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries.[1]

Definitions[edit]

Views on the definition and scope of management include:

Management is defined as the organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives

Fredmund Malik defines as Management is the transformation of resources into utility.

Management included as one of the factors of production - along with machines, materials and money

Peter Drucker (1909–2005) saw the basic task of a management as twofold: marketing and innovation. Nevertheless, innovation is also linked to marketing (product innovation is a central strategic marketing issue). Peter Drucker identifies marketing as a key essence for business success, but management and marketing are generally understood[by whom?] as two different branches of business administration knowledge.

Andreas Kaplan specifically defines European Management as a cross-cultural, societal management a

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