Planificador Sexto grado: Historia Universal

Planificador Sexto grado: Historia Universal

Maestra: Arlette Rentería (arlette.renteria@liceodeapodaca.edu.mx)

Unidad 3: Mesoamérica

Frecuencia: Martes, Miércoles y Jueves

concepto clave: cambio        concepto relacionado: civilización        concepto global: Identidades y relaciones

Enunciado de Indagación: Los cambios ayudan a la formación de la identidad de una civilización

AL INICIO DE LA UNIDAD SE REALIZARA UN SOBRE EN UNA HOJA, CON AYUDA DE UNA HOJA DE COLOR, DENTRO DEL CUAL DEBERÁ ESTAR GUARDADO ESTE DOCUMENTO, DE FORMA QUE PUEDA SER CONSULTADO EN CUALQUIER MOMENTO DURANTE LA UNIDAD, AQUÍ SE ENCUENTRA ESPECIFICADA LA ACTIVIDAD A REALIZAR CADA DÍA DURANTE LA UNIDAD 3 CON SU INSTRUCCIÓN Y CRITERIO A CALIFICAR, POR TANTO SI EL ALUMNO LLEGASE A FALTAR DEBERÁ REALIZAR EL TRABAJO PREVIAMENTE ASIGNADO, TODAS LAS ACTIVIDADES (TAREAS O TRABAJADAS EN CLASE) DEBEN TENER LA FIRMA DEL PADRE DE FAMILIA, DE LO CONTRARIO ACORDE A LA RÚBRICA DE LA MATERIA LA CALIFICACIÓN MÁXIMA SERÁ 6 PAI, ASÍ MISMO; SI EL ALUMNO NO TRABAJA DURANTE CLASE, LA MAESTRA HARÁ LA ANOTACIÓN EN LA ACTIVIDAD DEL DÍA Y DEBERÁ SER FIRMADA POR EL PADRE DE FAMILIA.

Firma del alumno                                                          Firma padre de familia

1. Martes 21 de Noviembre

Actividad:

Observa la imagen de la pirámide maya “El castillo de Quetzalcóatl”, de Chichén Itzá, en el equinoccio de primavera. Reprodúcela en tu cuaderno como portada del Bloque III (aunado a todos los datos que debe llevar tú portada cada unidad). No olvides dibujar el “efecto serpiente” que se forma con las sombras en la escalinata.

Criterio C

40 min

1. Miércoles 22 de Noviembre:

Título tema: Pre-classic ,Classic and Postclassic period

Actividad: Leer y comprender el texto a continuación, subrayar las ideas principales. (este texto se utilizará las siguientes dos clases también)

History :(Pre-classic ,Classic and Postclassic period)

The Preclassic or Formative Period (1500 BC – 300 AD)

The Formative Period begins with the first appearance of pottery and ends with the rise of the Teotihuacan and Mayan civilizations. It was an epoch marked by the emergence of effective agriculture, the establishment of human settlements and the development of fundamental arts.

The earliest site of the period discovered so far is Chiapa de Corzo, located in the Grijalva Depression of Chiapas and estimated to have been inhabited between 1500 and 100 BC. The oldest recorded Mesoamerican date, equivalent to 36 BC, is believed to be that of Stela 2 found here. Among other sites of great antiquity (c. 1000-300 BC) are El Arbolillo, Zacatenco, Tlatilco and Cuicuilco in the Valley of Mexico, and Chupicuaro in the state of Guanajuato.

The first significant civilization to develop in Mesoamerica was that of the Olmecs. Considered by some to be the mother culture of pre-Hispanic Mexico, the "rubber people" venerated the jaguar as supernatural. Olmec artifacts bearing images of the were-jaguar, distinguished by the combined physical characteristics of humans and felines, have been found scattered throughout Mexico. The remains of their ceremonial centers are found in the humid lowlands near the Gulf Coast in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco.

San Lorenzo, the collective name of three related sites in the Coatzacoalcos River basin, was an important Olmec political-religious center that flourished between 1200 and 900 BC. It is noted for the discovery of the first conduit drainage system known in the Americas and six colossal basalt heads each measuring eight to nine feet in height and weighing 20-40 tons. Carved from stone obtained 50 miles or more from the site, these uniquely Olmec monoliths have strikingly Negroid facial features and appear to be wearing helmets. Archaeologists discovered the first Olmec head at Tres Zapotes where they also found Stela C, bearing the long count date 31 BC.

More gigantic Olmec heads, along with a number of massive stone altars and stelae, were found at La Venta, the culture's most important center. Presumably the stone works were somehow floated via waterways to La Venta, located on an island near the Gulf Coast. Sharing essential characteristics of all later Mesoamerican centers, the site is laid out along a north-south axis, with a huge clay and earth pyramid its most prominent feature. The center appears to have been deliberately destroyed around 400-300 BC.

The Olmecs were apparently the first Mesoamerican people to fathom the concept of zero, develop a calendar, and create a hieroglyphic writing system. These intellectual achievements, along with Olmec myths and rituals, were influential in the subsequent Maya, Zapotec, Mixtec and Aztec cultures.

The Classic Period

It includes the years 300 to 900 AD The beginning of the Classic is marked by the following characteristics that were manifested since the end of the Preclassic: increase and concentration of the population, increasing division of labor, production of goods dedicated to regional exchange and development of commercial networks, increasing hierarchy of villages and regional centers, deepening of social class differences, emergence of lineage lordships, complexity in numbering systems, calendar and writing. The places where these changes are especially perceived are: Kaminaljuyú and Izapa in the southern zone of the Southeast; El Mirador and Uaxactún in Petén; San José Mogote and Monte Albán in Oaxaca; Three Zapotes in the Gulf, and Cuicuilco and Teotihuacán in Central Mexico. The biggest change that marked the Classic period was the pre-eminence acquired by the cities against the countryside. The city became the great concentrator and distributor of wealth, while the countryside provided the food sustenance. The most powerful people of the Classic era the Teotihuacano, following him in importance the Mayans. The great capitals were linked together through a network of commercial circulation that was directed by the Teotihuacan. Long-distance trade was the most important factor that managed to provide unity to Mesoamerica during the Classic. However, it is more common to identify this period through monumental urbanism. The best examples are Teotihuacan, Monte Albán and the Mayan cities. All the Mesoamerican cities of the Classic were built following a cosmic model, in close relation with the movements of the stars on the horizon. In addition, these cities are profusely decorated with sculptures, mosaics, painted stucco and murals, which denotes its political, religious and cultural importance. Likewise, in the urban centers there were goods that circulated among the Mesoamerican elites: semiprecious stone carvings, feathered headdresses, fine cotton garments, shell ornaments, luxury ceramics. During the Classic it is important the development of religion, which maintained some of its characteristics until the Conquest. The divinities that reach greater importance are those related to rain, fire, earth and time. In this period the priestly caste had control of astronomical knowledge, the will of the gods, mathematics, history, art and some believe that even of commercial activity and politics.

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