La Geografía Económica De México Y Su Estructura Económica

La geografía económica de México y su estructura económica

The Mexican economy is primarily a service economy to the extent that around 60 percent of GDP and about same percentage of employment was accounted by the services sector according to INEGI as of year 2010. Much of the decline in agricultural employment over the past years was caused by Mexico’s domestic reforms in this matter, the NAFTA triblock agreement, not investing in the infrastructure necessary for competition, and the fact that Mexico has gone from a small player in the pre-1994 U.S. export market to the 2nd largest importer of U.S. agricultural products in 2004. Is worth mentioning that most of the mess has been picked up by the services sector. Hospitality, personal and professional services account for most of the services that are performed within the economy.

The secondary sector is the next most important sector with around 33 percent of GDP and approximately 25 percent of the labor force in 2010. The notable activity in this sector has to do with the success of the maquiladora plants (Mexican factories that take in imported raw materials and produce goods for exportation) which have become the landmark of trade in the country. Maquiladora plants are mainly located along the Mexican-American border and receive inputs from U.S. plants to produce items that can be exported or sold abroad and within Mexico. A somehow outdated but curious fact indeed, is the estimation that these plants generated approximately 50% percent of Mexico's manufacturing output in 2000.

The third ranked sector in Mexico by year 2010 was the Primary, which accounted for less than 4 percent of GDP yet employed around 15 percent of the labor force. As discussed previously, the industrialization of the Mexican economy has resulted in a decrease in the importance of this sector. However, the sector continues to provide employment for a significant portion of the Mexican labor force.

Even though Mining makes up a small portion of the economic output of the country, the great significance of this sector stems from the government's reliance on revenues from the country's oil company for a substantial portion of its earnings.

According to the information of the XII General Census of population and housing 2000, entities of the Centre and South of the country specialize in primary activities, with exception of the metropolitan area of Mexico City, carrying out in conjunction with its neighbouring States, varied activities which include trade, industry, services and transportation. We have Jalisco with large flow of tourists and where Guadalajara stands as an important industrial city. In the Northern States, there are three types of specialization, with different degree of orientation towards the industrial sector. A first group is Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Durango, with industrial vocation. The economies of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, in addition to the secondary sector, are specialized in commercial activities and service, Sonora does in the primary and secondary. Last but not least; Yucatan and Quintana Roo develop tourism, as well as primary activities.

In the international economic context, Mexico grew 4 percent in 2011, which represents more than double the estimate for developed economies, the IMSS registered 764,000 jobs this year compared with 730,000 in 2010. According to "The Economist", had an unemployment rate of only 4.51 percent to November 2011, being one of the lower according to an OECD study. Moreover; Mexican exports in 2011 amounted to 350 thousand million dollars, against 298 thousand million dollars the previous year. Mexico received 19.4 thousand million dollars of foreign direct investment and took the fifth position as world's largest exporter in the automotive sector in 2011 and the sixth place in 2010.

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