Reporte de la teoría básica de comercio: oferta y demanda, complementándolo con un caso donde se ejemplifique las ventajas comparativas de como y con quien comercian los países

LICENCIATURA EN ADMINISTRACIÓN

Comercio Internacional

Evidencia 1

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02/10/20

Glossary

AD VALOREM

Tariff based on a percentage of the value of the cargo.

TARIFF

Tax paid by the importer when introducing products into a market

CUSTOMS WAREHOUSE

Open or closed premises for the temporary placement of goods while their dispatch is requested. Its management may be in charge of customs, other public or private agencies.

BENEFICIARY

Person in whose favor the credit is issued and who can demand payment from the issuing bank or the payer once the conditions stipulated in the credit have been met. It is the exporter

CUSTOMS CONTROL

Set of measures designed to ensure compliance with the laws and regulations that customs is responsible for applying.

PACKING

It is the science, art and technology of conditioning products for storage, transportation, distribution and sale at the optimal cost, ensuring that they reach their destination in good condition and includes the container, packaging, complementary materials and the packaging or packaging system.

EXPORT

Adanero regime that allows the legal exit of goods and services of national origin. Exit of any merchandise from a customs territory.

IMPORT

Customs regime that allows the legal entry for consumption of a good or service of foreign origin.

VAT

Value added tax (European Union, Chile and others)

LIQUIDATION OF DUTIES AND TAX

 Determination of the amount of duties and taxes that must be paid.

work force Process by which goods enter the country in order to only incorporate added value corresponding to labor.

COMMODITY

 Well that can be subject to customs regimes, operations and destinations.

CUSTOMS TAX OBLIGATION

Obligation that a person has to pay the amount of duties, taxes, fees, fees, fines and other charges that are owed for acts in customs operations.

NON-TARIFF OBSTACLES

They are for example quotas, import licensing regimes, health regulations, import bans, etc.

RE-SHIPMENT

 It is the act of sending foreign merchandise abroad to the national customs territory or to other Customs of the country, reloading them in any authorized means of transport, under customs jurisdiction.

TRANSFER

The process of transferring cargo from one mode of transportation to another.

EUROPEAN UNION

Made up of fifteen countries, Ireland, Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Greece, Finland and Italy. It is the most advanced integration agreement in the world. Thus, it has its own flag (twelve stars in a yellow circle on a blue background) and its own hymn. It also has representation of citizens in the form of the European Parliament, also having executive and judicial powers.

FREE TRADE AREA

Trade within the group that is part of it is carried out duty-free, but members set their own tariffs for imports from non-member countries (for example, NAFTA).

Comercio internacional

La parte de la economía internacional que involucra el estudio de diferentes aspectos relacionados con el intercambio de bienes y servicios entre países. Por tanto, la teoría del comercio internacional se centra en el análisis de las transacciones de naturaleza real que ocurren entre países, es decir, aquellas transacciones que involucran el flujo real de bienes.

Las economías de los países desarrollados y en desarrollo se han vuelto más abiertas y están más conectadas. El aumento del intercambio de bienes y servicios, el crecimiento exponencial de los flujos de capital y el crecimiento de la movilidad laboral hacen que no tenga sentido analizar las funciones de la economía de un país desde la perspectiva de una economía cerrada. En otras palabras, parece que es una isla que nada tiene que ver con el mundo exterior.

Teoría oferta y demanda

El modelo de oferta y demanda describe la interacción de mercado entre consumidores y productores para un producto dado y está relacionado con el precio y las ventas del producto. Es el modelo básico de microeconomía, utilizado para explicar varios escenarios microeconómicos.

En un mercado de libre competencia, los precios se determinan de acuerdo con la demanda de bienes y servicios de los consumidores y la cantidad proporcionada por los productores, creando así un punto de equilibrio donde los consumidores están dispuestos a comprar

Para todos los productos proporcionados por los productores al precio establecido en ese momento, los productores están dispuestos a proporcionar a los consumidores el nivel de producción necesario para establecer y mantener un punto de equilibrio.

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