Inteligencia artificial

1. Artificial Intelligence: refers to the use of algorithms and models enabling machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence and reasoning, besides, “It is a field, which combines computer science and robust datasets, to enable problem-solving. It also encompasses sub-fields of machine learning and deep learning, which are frequently mentioned in conjunction with artificial intelligence” (IBM n.d.). These disciplines are comprised of AI algorithms which seek to create expert systems which make predictions or classifications based on input data. Furthermore, AI technology has indeed become a pervasive presence in different facets of education, providing creative solutions to enrich the learning journey. The field of education has experienced noteworthy progress through the incorporation of AI technology (Fernando Vera, 2023).

“Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) might help in a number of ways in particular by helping the teachers/tutors to be better able to support their students,” (Wayne Holmes et al, 2023) by using different tools which work along an AI engine such as Chat bots, applications, websites, among others. Although assumptions, beliefs and perceptions vary depending on the teacher or the eduactional system stablished in each school or educative institution, in general terms, A.I. works along human beings in order to identify some weaknesses and strenghts by different learning methods and algorithms used for different A.I.tools. However, teachers play a vital role in providing emotional support, social interaction, and personalized guidance to students, aspects that AI cannot fully replicate due to its own method (Kafai & Burke, 2020, as cited in José Gazquez et al, 2023).

1.1 Machine learning and deep learning: Machine learning is a data analysis technique that automates the creation of analytical models. It enables computers to learn and improve from experience without explicit programming. This involves training a computer system extensively on a large dataset to recognize patterns, make decisions, and enhance its performance over time. In contrast, deep learning is a subset of machine learning that employs neural networks to tackle intricate problems. Deep learning models are inspired by the structure and function of the human brain, allowing them to learn from unstructured and unlabeled data (Sharifani & Amini, 2023). In other words, both approaches utilize not just artificial intelligence itself, but they also use a diverse range of algorithms to gain a deeper comprehension of any subject or specific task.

The Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) announced in 2023 that a panel of experts, representing both the public and private sectors, as well as civil society, has reached an agreement to develop recommendations for new curriculum content in areas such as programming, artificial intelligence, and machine learning (Mineduc, 2023). These recommendations are taken for a curriculum which has always been modified.

1.2 ICTs: It stands for Information Communication Technology (ICT) and their usage will be understood as a broad term that encompasses a variety of classroom technologies and tools including digital boards, computers, software, web sites, applications, social media, electronic, among others (Mineduc, 2016, as cited in, Jose Salum, 2023). These technologies play a crucial role in modern society, business, education, and various industries, facilitating communication, data management, and the dissemination of information, and in the field of AI, are experiencing rapid growth within the wide ICT are driven by various tools that either directly utilize AI engines or focus on specific applications of machine and deep learning.

In the case of Chile, there has been a substantial increase in the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education in recent years. This shift has been prompted by the introduction of new technologies into the teaching and learning processes. Consequently, it has created opportunities for education to reach a greater number of students (Jose Salum, 2023). Chilean students and teachers are greatly influenced by ICTs, the most popular and used among students and teachers are blogs, Google classroom, Google drive, virtual boards, dinamic presentations, gaming tools, Smartphone applications, and social media network such as, Instagram, X (former Twitter), Tik Tok, YouTube, among others. (Educación Chile, n.d.). The vast majority of the tools that were mentioned before, work with an A.I. engine.

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