Tecnologias De La Informacion Y Comunicacion

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION

The information technology and communication (ICT or ICT for new information technologies and communication) group elements and techniques used in the processing and transmission of information, particularly information technology, Internet and telecommunications.

By extension, designate a sector of economic activity.

"The information technology and communication are no panacea or magic formula, but can improve the lives of everyone on the planet. It has tools to reach the Millennium Development Goals, of instruments that will advance the cause of freedom and democracy and the means to spread knowledge and facilitate mutual understanding "(Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the United Nations, opening speech of the first phase of the WSIS, Geneva 2003) 1

The use of information technology and communication would help to reduce the digital divide by increasing the cluster of users that use technology as a means to develop their activities.

HISTORY

We can consider the information technology and communication as a concept dinámico.2 For example, in the late nineteenth century the phone could be considered a new technology as the current definitions. This same consideration could be applied to television when she appeared and became popular in the early 50s of the last century. However, these technologies today will not be included in a list of ICT and it is very possible that computers today can no longer be classified as new technologies. Despite this, in a broad concept, we can consider that the telephone, television and computer are part of what is called ICT as technologies that facilitate communication and exchange of information in today's world.

After the invention of writing, the first steps towards an information society were marked by the electric telegraph, then the telephone and radio telephone, television and the Internet. The mobile phone and GPS have associated text and image the word "wireless". Internet and TV are available on the mobile phone, which is also a maker fotos.3

The association of information technology and telecommunications in the last decade of the twentieth century has benefited from the miniaturization of components, allowing devices produce "Ones" at affordable prices since 2000.

The use of ICT to grow and spread, especially in rich countries, with the risk of accentuating locally digital4 and social gap and the gap between generations. From precision agriculture and forest management to the global monitoring of the global environment or biodiversity, participatory democracy (ICT for development) through commerce, telemedicine, information, managing multiple databases, bag, robotics and military uses, not to mention helping the disabled (eg blind using advanced speech synthesizers), ICTs are playing an increasing place in human life and functioning of the sociedades.5

Some also fear a loss of individual freedom (effect of 'Big Brother' growing intrusiveness adware ...). The prospectivistas6 think that ICT would have to have a growing and could be the origin of a new paradigm of civilization.

ICT: Trends in penetration rates of some services in the European Union7

A NEW CONCEPT

Not surprisingly, being informed by the minute, communicate with people across the planet, see the video of a song or work together without being in the same place. The information technology and communication have become, at high speed, an important part of our lives. This concept is also called information society is mainly due to an invention that appeared in 1969: Internet. Internet was conceived as part of the Agency Network Advanced Research Projects (ARPANET), created by the Department of Defense of the United States and was designed to communicate the different agencies in the country. Its basic principles were: be a decentralized network with multiple paths between two points and that messages were divided into parts that would be sent by different paths. The presence of several universities and institutes in the project will be made to find more opportunities to exchange information. Subsequently created the emails, messaging services and web pages. But not until the mid-nineties in a stage where it was no longer a military-when given the explosion of Internet. And around what we know as Information Technology and comunicación.8

The development of the Internet has meant that information is now in many places. Before the information was concentrated, the transmitting family, teachers, books. The school and college were focused knowledge areas. Today these barriers are broken and there is more access to Internet information. The main problem is the quality of this information. It has also been streamlined contact between people with social and business purposes. You do not move to close business in different cities of the world or to transact anywhere with a simple click. Many politicians have their blog or videos on YouTube, making it clear that ICT in forty years-especially the last decade (2000-2010) - have changed many aspects of life.9

In part, these new technologies are immaterial, since the subject matter is the information; allow interconnection and interactivity, are instantaneous, with high picture and sound parameters. At the same time new technologies represent the emergence of new codes and languages, the progressive specialization of the contents on the basis of the screen quota (differing from mass culture) and resulting in multiple activities in a short time. 10

The concept has two typical features of the new notions:

It is frequently evoked in contemporary debates.

Its definition is blurry and semantic approaches the Society of information.11

The advent of the Internet and especially the World Wide Web as a means of mass communication and the success of blogs, wikis or peer-to-peer ICT give a social dimension. Gérard Ayache, in the confusion, speaks of "hiperinformación" to highlight the impact of new tecnologías.12 anthropological Many surfers consider Internet as a technology relationship.

TECHNOLOGIES

ICTs constitute the set of resources required to manipulate information: computers, software and networks necessary to convert, store, manage, transmit and find.

ICT can be classified as:

Networks.

The terminals.

Services.

NETWORKS

Then we analyze the different access networks available today.

LANDLINE

The most basic method to make a connection to the Internet is the use of a modem in a basic dial. Although it does not have the benefits of broadband, this system has been the starting point for many Internet users and is a basic alternative to

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