Glossary Of Linguistic & Phonological Terms

HOMOPHONE:

When different words sound exactly alike. (when they have the same phoneme in the same consecutive order)

HOMOGRAPHS:

Words spelled alike but pronounced differently.

COGNATE WORDS:

Words derive from the same word in an ancestral Language.

DIALECTAL VARIANTS:

There are allophones of a phoneme used only in certain speech communities.

PICTORIAL:

First written words were crude pictures of objects that represented their meanings and had no connection with their spoken forms. (Graphic symbols) (sings word-writing)

SYLLABIC WRINTING:

Type of writing in which there was a symbol for each syllable.

ALPHABETIC WRITING:

Sets of letters, usually arranged in a fixed order, each of which represents one or more phonemes, both consonants and vowels

SILENT LETTERS:

Letters that have special values determined by the overall spelling pattern.

EYE DIALECT:

Phonetic spelling. (Phonetic spelling, special effects)

ARTICULATION:

The movements of the tongue.

CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION:

Sounds merge into each other, forming a continuous stream. Separate sounds, ones after another. Phoneticians and linguists call this phenomenon Categorical Perception.

PHONEME:

Speech sounds as they are perceived.

ALLOPHONE:

Speech sounds as they are articulated.

*POSITIONAL ALLOPHONES:

Those that occur in particular phonetics environments.

DIALECTAL ALLOPHONES:

Allophones of a phoneme used only in certain speech communities.

May occur only in certain positions of a word.

MINIMAL PAIR CONTRAST:

It consist of finding two separate words in the language that sound almost, but not completely identical.

INTERVOCALIC POSITION:

When consonants occur in medial position between vowels.

ASPIRATION:

The empty space represents an extra puff of air made by all native speakers of English when they pronounce the words.

ASSIMILATION:

Sounds in combination tend to influence each other, becoming more alike.

VOWEL LENGTHENING:

A vowel sound that happens upon the loss of a following consonant, usually in the syllable coda.

CONSONANT CLUSTER:

When two or more consonants are combined in a syllable.

PHONETIC FEATURE:

A label for some movement or position of the speech organs.

VOICING:

Refers to the activity of the vocal chords.

PLACE OF ARTICULATION:

Refers to the place in the vocal tract where there is the greatest degree of obstruction.

MANNER OF ARTICULATION:

Refers to the degree of air obstruction and the way in which the breath stream is released, from sudden to gradual.

CONSONANTS

STOPS:

As the name implies, air is briefly stopped

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