Past Perfect Simple
Enviado por karlaor98 • 24 de Mayo de 2013 • 1.043 Palabras (5 Páginas) • 700 Visitas
Past perfect simple
Past perfecrt simple expresses
Past Perfect Simple
Exercises on Past Perfect Simple
The past perfect simple expresses an action taking place before a certain time in the past.
Form of Past Perfect Simple
Positive Negative Question
no differences I had spoken. I had not spoken. Had I spoken?
For irregular verbs, use the past participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add ed.
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed Example
after final e, only add d love – loved
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled admit – admitted
travel – travelled
final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried
Use of Past Perfect
action taking place before a certain time in the past
(putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration)
Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.
Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past)
Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.
Signal Words
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
If-Satz Typ III (If I had talked, …)
Simple Past Past Perfect Simple
2nd column of irregular verbs
Example:
I spoke had + 3rd column of irregular verbs
Example:
I had spoken
regular verbs: infinitive + ed
Example:
I worked regular verbs: form of have + infinitive + ed
Example:
I had worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding ed:
when the final letter is e, only add d
Example:
love - loved
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example:
admit - admitted
final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example:
travel - travelled
after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)
Example:
worry - worried
but: play - played
See also explanations on Simple Past and Past Perfect Simple
Use
We use Simple Past if we give past events in the order in which they occured. However, when we look back from a certain time in the past to tell what had happened before, we use Past Perfect.
Normal order in the past or looking back to an event before a certain time in the past?
Do you just want to tell what happened some time in the past or do you want to tell what had happened before/up to a certain time in the past?
Simple Past Past Perfect Simple
some time in the past
Example:
Jane got up at seven. She opened her birthday presents and then the whole family went to the zoo. before/up to a certain time in the past
Example:
Before her sixth birthday, Jane had never been to the zoo.
Signal Words
Simple Past Past Perfect Simple
first
then already
up to then
before that day
after*
Example:
After the family had had breakfast, they went to the zoo.
However, if "after" is followed by object + subject + verb, the verb belongs to the new action and is therefore in Simple Past.
Example:
After her visit to the zoo, Jane was exhausted.
More exceptions with signal words
When
Depending on the situation, "when" can be used with Simple Past or Past Perfect. Compare the following examples:
Example:
When Jane saw the elephants, she was amazed. (at the same time)
When Jane had seen the elephants, she wanted to see the giraffes. (second action happened after the first action had been completed)
When Jane went to see the elephants, she had already seen the lions. (second action had been completed when the first action took place)
Before
"Before" as well can either be used with Simple Past or Past Perfect. If the action after "before" is a new action, use Simple Past.
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