Transportation By Sea

Is the process of moving people and goods by sea, transporting them at extreme distances to different locations for a specified length of time

The main purpose of travel by this mean is that it can be for commerce, leisure/recreational, or military purposes.

Commerce

commerce is a component of business which includes all activities, functions and institutions involved in transferring goods from producers to consumers, using any type of ships for maritime transport.

There are 2 systems of sea transport:

Freight liner (ship) in which the vessels are employed on a regular scheduled service between fixed ports of call. It is characterized by carrying homogeneous goods.

• Container Ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size intermodal containers,

• Multi-purpose Ships used to transport Break-bulk cargo.

It Refers to general cargo that has been packaged in some way with the use of bags, boxes, drums and particularly containers.

• Refrigerated Ships used to transport perishable commodities which require temperature- controlled transportation, mostly fruits, meat, fish, vegetables and other foodstuffs

• Roll on/Roll Off Ships are designed to allow cars, trucks and trains to be loaded directly on board

Tramp trade where the vessels have no schedule and move between ports based on cargo availability. It is characterized by carrying heterogeneous goods.

• Bulk Carriers and Tanker Ship used to transport bulk cargo

It Refers to freight, both dry or liquid, that is not packaged such as minerals (oil, coal, iron ore, bauxite) and grains.

leisure/recreational

Sea transportation can also be used for recreation and can be further divided into two categories:

• Cruise Ship where passengers are taken on vacation trips of various durations, usually over several days.

• Ferries used to carry primarily passengers, and sometimes vehicles across relatively short bodies of water

Naval ships designed primarily for combat are termed warships, as opposed to support (auxiliary ships) or shipyard operations

ADVANTAGES

 Flexibility in size and type of goods

 Suitable for products with long lead times

 Low cost shipment

Possesses high load carrying capacity

 DISADVANTAGES

 Very slow, longer lead/delivery times

 High operational cost

 No door to door

Customs and Excise restrictions

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