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This article is about the public worldwide computer network system. For other uses, see Internet (disambiguation).

Internet

An Opte Project visualization of

routing paths through a portion of

the Internet.

General[show]

Governance[show]

Protocols / Infrastructure[show]

Services[show]

Guides[show]

Internet portal

v t e

Computer network types by geographical scope

Near field (NFC)

Body (BAN)

Personal (PAN)

Near-me (NAN)

Local (LAN)

Home (HAN)

Storage (SAN)

Campus (CAN)

Backbone

Metropolitan (MAN)

Wide (WAN)

Internet

Interplanetary Internet

v t e

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support email.

Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.

The origins of the Internet reach back to research of the 1960s, commissioned by the United States government to build robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer networks. The funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial backbones, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The commercialization of what was by the 1990s an international network resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of June 2012, more than 2.4 billion people—over a third of the world's human population—have used the services of the Internet.[1]

The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.

Contents [hide]

1 Terminology

2 History

3 Technology

3.1 Protocols

3.2 Routing

3.3 General structure

4 Governance

5 Modern uses

6 Services

6.1 World Wide Web

6.2 Communication

6.3 Data transfer

7 Access

8 Users

9 Social impact

9.1 Social networking and entertainment

9.2 Electronic business

9.3 Telecommuting

9.4 Crowdsourcing

9.5 Politics and political revolutions

9.6 Philanthropy

9.7 Censorship

10 See also

11 References

12 External links

12.1 Organizations

12.2 Articles, books, and journals

Terminology

See also: Internet capitalization conventions

Look up Internet or internet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The Internet, referring to the specific global system of interconnected IP networks, is a proper noun and written with an initial capital letter. In the media and common use it is often not capitalized, viz. the internet. Some guides specify that the word should be capitalized when used as a noun, but not capitalized when used as a verb or an adjective.[2] The Internet is also often referred to as the Net.

Historically the word internet was used, uncapitalized, as early as 1883 as a verb and adjective to refer to interconnected motions. Starting in the early 1970s the term internet was used as a shorthand form of the technical term internetwork, the result of interconnecting computer networks with special gateways or routers. It was also used as a verb meaning to connect together, especially for networks.[3][4]

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably in everyday speech; it is common to speak of "going on the Internet" when invoking a web browser to view web pages. However, the Internet is a particular global computer network connecting millions of computing devices; the World Wide Web is just one of many services running on the Internet. The Web is a collection of interconnected documents (web pages) and other web resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.[5] In addition to the Web, a multitude of other services are implemented over the Internet, including e-mail, file transfer, remote computer control, newsgroups, and online games. Web (and other) services can be implemented on any intranet, accessible to network users.

Interweb is a mixture of Internet and World Wide Web typically used sarcastically to parody a technically unsavvy user.[6]

History

Professor Leonard Kleinrock with the first ARPANET Interface Message Processors at UCLA

Main articles: History of the Internet and History of the World Wide Web

Research into packet switching started in the early 1960s and packet switched networks such as Mark I at NPL in the UK,[7] ARPANET, CYCLADES,[8][9] Merit Network,[10] Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could

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