Principio de arquimedes

ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE

Diego Antonio Arias

Daarias76@ucatolica.edu.co

Universidad Católica de Colombia, facultad de Ingeniería Civil.

RESUMEN

Un cuerpo flotante o sumergido en un fluido, sufre un empuje hacia arriba producido por una fuerza igual al peso del fluido desalojado, de lo anterior se puede concluir que un cuerpo flotante desplaza una cantidad de fluido igual a su peso, de otra forma un cuerpo flotante desplaza el volumen de fluido suficiente para equilibrar exactamente su propio peso, seguido del punto aplicado se llama fuerza de empuje, está localizado en el centro de gravedad del volumen del fluido desplazado. Mediante el principio de Arquímedes se pueden determinar los volúmenes de cuerpos irregulares, midiendo la perdida aparente de peso cuando el sólido está totalmente sumergido, en un fluido de densidad relativa conocida. También se puede determinar las densidades relativas de los líquidos por la altura de la profundidad. Otras aplicaciones están relacionadas con los problemas generales de diseño o estructuras navales.

Palabras clave: fluido, fuerza de empuje, volumen, densidad relativa, peso, flotación, peso sumergido.

Summary

Or a floating body immersed in a fluid undergoes a push upward by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced, from the above it can be concluded that a floating body displaces an amount of fluid equal to its weight, a body otherwise Floating displaces volume just sufficient to balance its own weight, followed by applied fluid point is called pushing force is located in the center of gravity of the displaced fluid volume. By Archimedes' principle can be determined volumes irregular bodies, measuring the apparent weight loss when the solid is completely submerged in a fluid of known specific gravity. You can also determine the relative densities of the liquid at the height of the depth. Other applications are related to the general problems of design or naval structures.

Keywords: fluid, pushing force, volume, specific gravity, weight, floating, submerged weight.

Archimedes’ principle

Archimedes' principle is one of the most remarkable discoveries left by the Greeks and the importance and usefulness are extraordinary. The story goes that King Hierón ordered the preparation of a crown of pure gold, and to verify that there had been cheated, he asked Archimedes to tell him if the Crown had some other metal in addition to gold, but without destroying the crown. Archimedes was the first to study the vertical upward thrust exerted by the fluid.

The thrust receiving the bodies to be introduced into a liquid was studied by the Greek Archimedes, thanks to its discovery, and its principle is expressed as:

"Anybody wholly or partially submerged in a fluid receives an upward thrust equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces".

[pic 1]

Figure (1): graphic explanation Archimedes’ principle.

A piece of wood floating in the water, however, a piece of iron sinks. Why does this happen? The fish move in the water without floating or sinking, perfectly controlling its position. How Do They Do It?

All this is related to the strength of push up, you get everybody that is submerged in water or any other fluid.

When an object submerged in water rises, they will realize that it is much easier to lift when it is not in the water. This is because water and other fluids exert an upward force on a body immersed in fluid, called buoyant force or thrust force, this force is what makes an object appear lighter. This phenomenon is called floatation.

The floating phenomenon is the apparent loss of weight of objects immersed in a liquid. This is because when an object is immersed in a liquid, liquid pressure exerted on the walls of their container and on a body immersed in the liquid. The lateral forces due to hydrostatic pressure acting on the body balance each other, that is, have the same value for the same depth. This does not happen for the forces acting on the upper and lower body. These two forces are opposite, one due to their weight pushing it down and the other that the thrust force, pushing it up. As pressure increases with depth, the forces exerted on the bottom of the object are greater than those exerted at the top, the resultant of these two forces must be directed upwards. This result is known as is the buoyant force or thrust acting on the body, tending to prevent the object from sinking into the liquid.

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