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Water Pollution

Water pollution or water pollution is a modification of this, usually caused by humans, which makes it improper or dangerous for human consumption, industry, agriculture, fishing and recreational activities as well as for animals and wildlife.

While water pollution can come from natural sources (for example, ash from a volcano) most of the current pollution comes from human activities. The development and industrialization pose a greater use of water, a waste generation, many of which end up in the water and the use of means of river and sea transport which often are the cause of water pollution. Surface waters are generally more vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution to groundwater, because of their direct exposure to human activity. Moreover a surface source can be restored faster than an underground source through cycles of seasonal runoff. The effects on quality will be different for lakes and reservoirs to rivers and aquifers different for rock or sand and gravel.

The main water pollutants are:

Wastes, chemical wastes from factories, industries, etc.

Sewage and other oxygen demanding wastes (mostly organic matter, whose decomposition produces oxygen water).

Pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites that enter the water from organic wastes, including feces and other materials that can be decomposed by aerobic bacteria. Agents

Plant nutrients that can stimulate the growth of aquatic plants. These, in turn, interfere with the uses to which the water is used and to decompose, depleting dissolved oxygen and produce unpleasant odors.

Chemicals, including pesticides, various industrial products, surface-active substances contained in detergents and products of the decomposition of organic compounds.

Oil, especially from accidental spills.

Inorganic minerals and chemicals.

Sediments formed by soil particles and minerals washed by storms and runoff from cropland, unprotected soils, mining operations, road and urban demolition.

Radioactive substances from the waste produced by mining and refining of uranium and thorium, nuclear power plants and industrial, medical and scientific radioactive materials.

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