Rock Cycle

Science test

• Element: basic building block of a mineral

o Over 100

• Atom: smallest particle of matter

o All characteristics of an elemtent

o Nucleous- center part- positive charge

• Protons and neutrons

• Minerals:

o Define chemical structure- pure composition

o Natural ocuring

o Inorganic

o Solid substance

o Crystalline structures

• Mineral formation

O CRYSTALLIZATION OF MAGMA

o Precipitation

o Pressure and temperature

O HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTION

• Mineral Groups

o Silicates: silicon and oxygen Si O4

o Carbonates: carbon oxygen and other metallic elements

O OXIDES: OXYGEN AND ONE OTHER ELEMENTS USUALLY METALS

o Sulfates/ SULFIDES: contain sulfur

O HALIDES: CONTAIL HALOGENS ION PLUSONE OR MORE ELEMENTS

o Native: pure forms

• Properties of minerals:

o Color: small amounts of different mineral give them different colors

o Streak: is the color of the mineral in powder form

o Luster: used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of the mineral

O CRYSTAL FORM: IS THE VISIBLE EXPRESSION OF A MINERAL’S INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS

o Hardness: measure of resistance of a mineral to being scratch

• Mohs scale: consist of a scale of 1(softest)(talc)-10 (hardest) (dimond) has a exponential relationship of a 100

o Cleavage: is the tendacy of a mineral to break or cleave along flat surfaces

o Fractures: uneven breakages of a mineral

o Density: ratio of mass to volume

Rocks

• Rock cycle: shows how rocks change from one type to another because of the interactions with water air and land

• Rock: is and solid mass of minerals like matter that occur naturally .

o Are related to minerals since they are made up of minerals

• 3 types

o igneous rock: are formed when molten material solidifies

• intrusive: inside the earth- big- coarse grains

• extrusive: outside earth- thin and small- fine grains

• felsic: light in color and have high silica

• mafic: darker and have high magnesium and iron

o sedimentary rock: the accumulation of preexisting sediments and organic material

• deeper layers- older

• plants remains/ fosils

• biochemical: formed mostly of the remains of organism `

• clastic: when the sediments made of rock minerals or shells are cemented toghether

• crystalline: overlapping cystals

o metamorphic rock: are form when increase of pressure and temperature

• foliated: with layers because of exposure to heat and direct pressure

• non-foliated: do not have layers

• process

o weathering: a process in which rocks are

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