VARIEDADES DEL INGLES.

World varieties: The United States, Canada, Australia and others

1. a) When was the firs permanent English settlement in the 'new world'? b)Where?

The first permanent English settlement dates from 1607, when an expedition arrived in Chesapeake Bay. An expedition arrived in Chesapeake Bay, although the colonists called their settlement Jamestown and the area Virginia. Further settlements quickly followed along the coast, and also on the nearby islands, such as Bermuda.

2. What is thought to be the main reason for the different accents to be heard in modern America?

The main reason for the different accents to be heard in modern America may be that many of the Playnouth colonists came from countries in the east of England. Whereas in the USA the earlier unrounded vowel remained; several older words or meanings became part of the US standard.

3. a) When did English migration to Canada begin?

English migration alons the Atlantic coast, to Canada, did not developed until a century later of 1497, when the farming, fishing, and fur-trading industries attracted English-speaking settles.

3. b) What other language influence is evident in Canada?

The other language influence is evident in Canada is French, Whose presence date from the explorations of Jacques Cartier in the 1520s

4. a) What is the origin of "Black English"?

Black English comes from the interference-tendency of individuals to make the language they are learning conform to the sound and structure of their native tongues. Basically when African slaves attempted to learn English, their native language got in the way. The history of Black English is vague but it is connected to African slaves who did not learn correct English and developed pidgin forms of communication between the black population and other slaves with different backgrounds, the sailors, and the new landowners, many of whom spoke English

4. b) What other colonial influences are evident?

At the same time, a Creole form of French, Spanish, and Portuguese were also emerging in and around the Caribbean. This creolized forms interacted with both the pidgin and the standard varieties of English developing a diverse range of varieties of English.

5. a) When did English settlers reach Australia?

Australia was visited by James Cook in 1770, and within 20 years Britain had estabilished its first penal colony at Sydney.

5. b) Name 3 Influences on speech patterns heard in Australia today?

The first fleet of British ships arrived at Sydney in 1788 to establish a penal colony. Many of the convicts came from London and Ireland featuring Cockney and Irish English speech patterns. Other colonies were established by Britain around the continent weakened Indigenous Australia throughout the period.

6. a) When did New Zealand become a British colony?

From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. The official colony was not established until 1840 when the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori equal rights with British citizens.

6. b) Summarize the 3 strands of New Zealand social history in the 20th Century that had especial linguistic consequences.

Three strands of New Zealand’s social history in the 20th century have had especial linguistic consequences. First, in comparison with Australia, there has been a stronger sense of the historical relationship with Britain, this has led to a more widespread conservatism, especially in relation to accents. Secondly, There has been a growing sense of national identit, this has draw atention to differences in the acents between New Zealand and Australia, and motivated the use of distinctive New Zealand vocabulary. Thirtdly, the preocupation to considerer the right and needs of the Maori people, has resulted in an increased awareness of Maori words in New Zealand English.

7. a) When was English made the official language of the Eastern Cape of South Africa?

English was made the official language of the Eastern Cape of South

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