Anger

ANGER

Anger is a powerful emotion. If it isn’t handled appropriately, it may have destructive results for you and those closest to you. Uncontrolled anger can lead to arguments, physical fights, physical abuse, and assault and self-harm. On the other hand, well-managed anger can be a useful emotion that motivates you to make positive changes.

Physical effects of anger

Anger triggers the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response. Other emotions that trigger this response include fear, excitement and anxiety. The adrenal glands flood the body with stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol.

The brain shunts blood away from the gut and towards the muscles, in preparation for physical exertion. Heart rate, blood pressure and respiration increase, the body temperature rises and the skin perspires. The mind is sharpened and focused.

Health problems with anger

The constant flood of stress chemicals and associated metabolic changes that go with recurrent unmanaged anger can eventually cause harm to many different systems of the body.

Some of the short and long-term health problems that have been linked to unmanaged anger include:

• Headache

• digestion problems, such as abdominal pain

• insomnia

• increased anxiety

• depression

• high blood pressure

• skin problems, such as eczema

• heart attack

• stroke.

Unhelpful ways to deal with anger

Many people express their anger in inappropriate and harmful ways, including:

Anger explosions – some people have very little control over their anger and tend to explode in rages. Raging anger may lead to physical abuse or violence. A person who doesn’t control their temper can isolate themselves from family and friends. Some people who fly into rages have low self-esteem, and use their anger as a way to manipulate others and feel powerful.

Anger repression – some people consider that anger is an inappropriate or ‘bad’ emotion, and choose to suppress it. However, bottled anger often turns into depression and anxiety. Some people vent their bottled anger at innocent parties, such as children or pets.

Expressing anger in healthy ways

Suggestions on how to express your anger in healthy ways include:

• If you feel out of control, walk away from the situation temporarily, until you cool down.

• Recognise and accept the emotion as normal and part of life.

• Try to pinpoint the exact reasons why you feel angry.

• Once you have identified the problem, consider coming up with different strategies on how to remedy the situation.

• Do something physical, such as going for a run or playing sport.

Suggestions for long-term anger management

The way you typically express anger may take

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