Norma ASTM D86 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD

WASHINGTON, D.C.

ASTM STANDARD D86: “STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR

DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.”

Gordon J. Hookey

#TDbesig nation: D 86 - 95 An AmericanN ational Standard

Standard Test Method for

Distillation of Petroleum Products’

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 86, the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (t) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DOD inde? of Specijications and

Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.

1. Scope

I .l This test method covers the distillation of natural

gasolines, motor gasolines, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine

fuels, special boiling point spirits, naphthas, white spirit,

kerosines, gas oils, distillate fuel oils, and similar petroleum

products, utilizing either manual or automated equipment.

1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee test method is the

manual test method prepared as directed for the indicated

group.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the

standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for

in formation only.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the

,sufety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate

safety and health practices and determine the applicability

of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum

Products (Reid Method)2

D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils2

D 850 Test- Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic

Hydrocarbons and Related Materials3

D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils2

D 1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile

Organic Liquids3

D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum

( 1%Theoretical Plate Column)4

D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and

Petroleum Products4

D 4 177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and

Petroleum Products4

D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and

Gasoline Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)s

D 5 190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum

Products (Automatic Method)s

1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on

l’crr~~leum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcomtnittee

DO2.08 on Volatility.

In the IP. this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization

(‘ummittee.

(‘urrenl edition approved Jan. 15, 1995. Published March 1995. Originally

l~ublkhed as D 86 - 21. Last previous edition D 86 - 93.

2 .+tnual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.

’ .4nntrol Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.

4 .~tmual Book o/ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.

’ annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.

D 5 19 1 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum

Products (Mini Method)5

D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum

Products (Mini Method-Atmospheric)5

E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometer@

E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of

Thermometer@

E 133 Specification for Distillation Equipment’ ’

E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Comparison

Technique@

IP 69 Determination of Vapour Pressure-Reid Method8

IP 17 1 Vapour Pressure Micro Method9

3. Terminology

3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:

3.1.1 decomposition point-the thermometer reading that

coincides with the first indications of thermal decomposition

of the liquid in the flask.

DlscussroN-Characteristic indications of thermal decomposition are

an evolution of fumes, and erratic thermometer readings that usually

decrease after any attempt is made to adjust the heat.

3.1.2 dry point-the thermometer reading that is observed

at the instant the last drop of liquid evaporates from the

lowest point in the flask. Any drops or film of liquid on the

side of the flask or on the thermometer are disregarded.

DIscussroN-The end point (final boiling point), rather than the dry

point, is intended for general use. The dry point can be reported in

connection with special purpose naphthas, such as those used in the

paint industry. Also, it is substituted for the end point (final boiling

point) whenever the sample is of such a nature that the precision of the

end point (final boiling point) cannot consistently meet the requirements

given in the Precision Section.

3.1.3 end point or fmal boiling point-the maximum

thermometer reading obtained during the test. This usually

occurs after the evaporation of all liquid from the bottom of

the flask. The term maximum temperature is a frequently

used synonym.

3.1.4 initial boiling point-the thermometer reading that

is observed at the instant that the first drop of condensate

falls from the lower end of the condenser tube.

3.1.5 percent evaporated-the sum of the percent recovered

and the percent loss.

6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. r

7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.

* Available from The Institute of Petroleum, 6 I New Cavendish St., London,

W 1 M 8AR, England.

9 Withdrawn 1992, contact The Institute of Petroleum for availability,

1 i r: 1

3.1.6 percent loss-one hundred minus the percent total

recovery.

3.1.7 percent recovered-the volume in millilitres of condensate

observed in the receiving graduate, in connection

with a simultaneous thermometer reading.

3.1.8 percent recovery-the maximum percent recovered,

as observed in accordance with 9.10.

3.1.9 percent residue-the volume of residue in millilitres

measured in accordance with 9.11.

3.1.10 percent total recovery-the combined percent recovery

and residue in the flask, as determined in accordance

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