COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL - RESUMEN

COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL

VERONICA MARINA LEÓN ROMÁN

NAFTA

AVALOS CEBALLOS ODALIS ARELY

JARAMILLO SOTOMAYOR ROSA CITLALLIC

LICENCIATURA EN ADUANAS

2-C

MANZANILLO, COLIMA. JUNIO 2018

RESUMEN:

El tratado de libre comercio, América del norte es uno de los más importantes a nivel mundial, pero aún más importante para México, ya que dependemos muchísimo del país vecino que es Estados Unidos, aun así, Estados Unidos depende mucho de México, por ser un país agricultor y productor de diversas meterías primas. Si bien es cierto, el TLCAN es una de las mejores cosas que ha pasado en el país, y lo único bueno que dejó Carlos Salinas de Gortari en su sexenio. Es por eso que analizaremos como nos ha favorecido, o nos ha perjudicado la entrada en vigor de éste tratado.

1994, "terrible year" for Mexico, is also a turning point in the country's contemporary history: on January 1, the North American Free Trade Agreement entered into force. Since then, over the last twenty years, Mexico has been profoundly transformed in all areas. We intend to examine here the changes that have occurred during these two decades in light of what it has represented and what the North American treaty represents. In other words, how and to what extent this trade agreement has affected Mexico's economy, society, politics and politics. It is not a matter of establishing a balance, which would be premature and imprudent, but only of establishing a distanced and compared approach of the repercussions in Mexico of the implementation of North American free trade.

In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement entered into force, creating one of the largest free trade zones in the world and establishing the basis for stable economic growth for Canada, the United States and Mexico.

Within the context of globalization, the treaty has been a key piece in the process of economic liberalization of the three economies. Focusing on the central objectives between Mexico and the United States, the treaty seeks to establish conditions to increase trade and investment flows, has also been a precursor to greater demand for products and access to inputs, attracting foreign investment, a greater number of jobs and better workers' compensation. The results can be evaluated in the development of both countries in the last 21 years.

But there are doubts about the extent to which this trade opening has benefited the United States more, and has left Mexico as the loser of this treaty. Although there are open policies that seek to promote conditions for fair competition and to make each country more competitive in certain products, it is considered that this agreement will always have favorable situations for one economy more than another, in this case for the United States. . In fact, there are aspects that could be analyzed and demonstrated that in certain areas or industries this treaty was not entirely beneficial for Mexico, but the macroeconomic benefit that the Mexican economy acquired after this treaty is described below.

One of the aspects that was favored with the agreement is the increase in the levels of trade and investment.

This increase includes economic growth that has led to the creation of new jobs. This increase in employment is due to the fact that since the treaty there is greater access to inputs, raw materials, investment capital directly from North American companies, these factors of production are exempt from tariffs, which causes lower production costs and can distribute consumer goods at a better price. There is also an opening of markets for goods and services where companies can boost their comparative advantages and competitiveness vis-a-vis other countries of the world, this opening caused Mexican exports to go from being mainly oil companies to manufacturing.

North American imports from Mexico increased with the signing of the treaty, and showed a greater increase than those of Canada. On the other hand, exports have increased considerably due mainly to the existence of foreign direct investment, which generates production chains that link employment and trade; that bring benefits in production costs and prices. This causes Mexico to become a country with greater comparative advantages when it comes to export products.

Some argue that this treaty for regional trade in North America benefited the Mexican economy and helped to face the competition posed by Japan and the European Union. However, others argue that Canada and Mexico became enolonies of the USA, and that, as a consequence of NAFTA, poverty increased in Mexico and aggravated unemployment in the US. Making the dollar the only currency in commercial transactions between NAFTA partners implied serious resistance on the part of Mexican society and even by certain sectors of the government where there was fear of the loss of Mexican national identity. Until 2009, the integration process was completed. Although Mexico is more linked to the United States than to Canada.

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