CORPORACION

El siguiente ensayo está basado en el concepto e imagen de lo que es una corporación gracias al video “The Corporation”, el cual se basa en la naturaleza, evolución, impactos y el futuro de los modernos negocios y el rol que juegan en la sociedad, de igual manera se tratará sobre las diferentes posiciones y aspectos, ya sean buenos o malos dependiendo de cómo se comportan las mismas, como por ejemplo los comentarios tanto de personas que creen que las corporaciones si generan un gran daño en la sociedad, como los comentarios y experiencias de persona que han trabajado o trabajan actualmente en una de éstas grandes compañías y que relatan su punto de vista de las grandes empresas.

El Documental analiza la naturaleza, evolución, impacto y posible futuro de las corporaciones modernas que cada vez son más dominantes.

Ya que existe una amenaza sobre la falta de control público, cada empresa trabaja de acuerdo a sus fines e intereses, tomando como base que toda Institución está encaminada a obtener un fin.

Algunas de las corporaciones que se mencionan, son definidas como manzanas podridas, las cuales no benefician en nada a la sociedad, al contrario lo que hacen es perjudicar a todos.

Este documental denuncia entre otras muchas cosas, que la corporación es una paradoja, ya que genera grandes riquezas pero causa grandes daños frecuentemente ocultos, y Se le hace ver a la gente que su vida se transforma con aparentes ventajas de confort de la vida moderna.

Son monstruos artificiales que devoran ganancias a costa de quien sea.

Primero que todo ¿que es una corporación?

Está definida como entidad constituida de forma legal, la cual posee varios derechos, como por ejemplo, comprar o vender propiedades al igual que puede demandar o ser demandada y que está conformada por un conjunto o equipo de personas que trabajan de forma adyacente cada uno en su área, para lograr un objetivo u objetivos específicos.

The word "corporation" derives from corpus, the Latin word for body, or a "body of people." By the time of Justinian (reigned 527–565), Roman Law recognized a range of corporate entities under the names universitas, corpus or collegium. These included the state itself (the populus Romanus), municipalities, and such private associations as sponsors of a religious cult, burial clubs, political groups, and guilds of craftsmen or traders. Such bodies commonly had the right to own property and make contracts, to receive gifts and legacies, to sue and be sued, and, in general, to perform legal acts through representatives. Private associations were granted designated privileges and liberties by the emperor.[10] Entities which carried on business and were the subjects of legal rights were found in ancient Rome, and the Maurya Empire in ancient India.[11] In medieval Europe, churches became incorporated, as did local governments, such as the Pope and the City of London Corporation. The point was that the incorporation would survive longer than the lives of any particular member, existing in perpetuity. The alleged oldest commercial corporation in the world, the Stora Kopparberg mining community in Falun, Sweden, obtained a charter from King Magnus Eriksson in 1347. Many European nations chartered corporations to lead colonial ventures, such as the Dutch East India Company or the Hudson's Bay Company, and these corporations came to play a large part in the history of corporate colonialism.

During the time of colonial expansion in the 17th century, the true progenitors of the modern corporation emerged as the "chartered company". Acting under a charter sanctioned by the Dutch government, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) defeated Portuguese forces and established itself in the Moluccan Islands in order to profit from the European demand for spices. Investors in the VOC were issued paper certificates as proof of share ownership, and were able to trade their shares on the original Amsterdam stock exchange. Shareholders are also explicitly granted limited liability in the company's royal charter.[12] In the late 18th century, Stewart Kyd, the author of the first treatise on corporate law in English, defined a corporation as,

a collection of many individuals united into one body, under a special denomination, having perpetual succession under an artificial form, and vested, by policy of the law, with the capacity of acting, in several respects, as an individual, particularly of taking and granting property, of contracting obligations, and of suing and being sued, of enjoying privileges and immunities in common, and of exercising a variety of political rights, more or less extensive, according to the design of its institution, or the powers conferred upon it, either at the time of its creation, or at any subsequent period of its existence.

—A Treatise on the Law of Corporations, Stewart Kyd (1793–1794)

Mercantilism

See also: Mercantilism and South Sea Bubble

A bond issued by the Dutch East India Company, dating from 1623, for the amount of 2,400 florins

Labeled by both contemporaries and historians as "the grandest society of merchants in the universe", the British East India Company would come to symbolize the dazzlingly rich potential of the corporation, as well as new methods of business that could be both brutal and exploitative.[13] On 31 December 1600, the English monarchy granted the company a 15-year monopoly on trade to and from the East Indies and Africa[14]. By 1611, shareholders in the East India Company were earning an almost 150% return on their investment. Subsequent stock offerings demonstrated just how lucrative the Company had become. Its first stock offering in 1613–1616 raised £418,000, and its first offering in 1617–1622 raised £1.6 million.[15]

In the United States, government chartering began to fall out of vogue in the mid-19th century. Corporate law at the time was focused on protection of the public interest, and not on the interests of corporate shareholders. Corporate charters were closely regulated by the states. Forming a corporation usually required an act of legislation. Investors generally had to be given an equal say in corporate governance, and corporations were required to comply with the purposes expressed in their charters. Many private firms in the 19th century avoided the corporate model for these reasons (Andrew Carnegie formed his steel operation as a limited partnership, and John D. Rockefeller set up Standard Oil as a trust). Eventually, state governments began to realize the greater corporate registration revenues available by providing more permissive corporate laws. New Jersey was the first state to adopt an "enabling" corporate law,

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