Globalization - Essay

• Globalization The increasing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change.
• It is a Globalization is an overview of the major concepts of global geography: human–environment interaction; areal differentiation and integration; regions; landscapes; and global-to-local scales.
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• ECONOMIC SCALE: Transnational firms: which do global business through international subsidiaries, disrupt local ecosystems in their incessant search for natural resources and manufacturing sites. On a larger scale, economic globalization is aggravating worldwide environmental problems like climate change, air pollution, water pollution, and deforestation
• DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSION: Increasing numbers of people from all parts of the world are crossing national boundaries, often permanently. The resulting cultural “hybridities” can themselves reverberate across the planet, creating yet another dimension of globalization.
• In total numbers, fully a third of the world’s migrants live in seven industrial countries: Japan, Germany, France, Canada, the United States, Italy, and the United Kingdom.
• Culture is learned, not innate, and is shared, not individual, behavior; it is held in common by a group of people, empowering them with what could be called, for lack of a better term, a “way of life.”
• When people from different cultural groups cannot communicate directly in their native languages, they often agree upon a third language to serve as a common tongue.
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• In an organization, formal networks are those assigned for the purpose of accomplishment.
• Network theory: Suggests examining the roles and characteristics of individuals and groups along three levels of analysis.
• Nationals are also called host-country nationals and are the employees that are hired to work in jobs in their own country.
• The difference between being a Host country national and an expatriate is that HCN’s earn less in comparison of expatriates in the same position. This situation makes HCN’s feel unfairly treated and this causes potentially poor relationships among employees (HCN and expatriates).
• Advantages: 
• lower labor costs
• confidence in the citizens of the host country 
• acceptance of the company in the local community is improved 
• gives the company recognition as a legitimate participant in the local economy and a greater understanding of local conditions
• Disadvantages
• Often cause the difficult local decisions are      postponed until they become unavoidable, when it is      more difficult, expensive and painful, can hinder the recruitment of qualified personnel, can reduce the amount of control exercised by headquarters
• Having the opportunity to become an expatriate is an experience full of opportunities and risks. The knowledge gained by expatriates is a crucial resource for organizations. This resource can be used in the advantage of organizations by being able to understand better and manage culturally diverse and changing conditions in the world.
• 1979: Township and village enterprises (TVEs) CHINA: TVEs: those that are owned and operated by people in towns and villages in rural China.
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• H1: In comparison with SFJVs, TVEs are more likely to recruit key personnel from local areas, provide more in-house and outside training to employees, and their top management will have lower levels of educational qualifications
• H2: As compared with SFJVs, TVEs are more likely to use a high benefits with low salary approach to attract and personnel .

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