Art and culture

Questions Topic 1-7

1. Which are the properties of color? Define them.

Hue (the name of color), value (lightness or darkness in a hue) and intensity (brightness or dullness of the hue).

1. The color schemes are used to know the different ways a color can be combined. Which are the color schemes that exist?

Monochromatic, analogous and complementary.

1. How can you divide colors?

Primary, secondary, and tertiary. Also, warm and cool.

1. What is the difference between iconography and iconology?

Iconography looks at what is behind the work of art; it implies that a written text underlies an image, for that, we need to unravel the symbols. Iconology is about the origin and interpretation of an image; in order to understand a work of art, you must know the context in where it was born.

1. What is the meaning of style?

Style is an artist’s personal way of using the elements and principles of art to create artworks.

1. What does interpreting covers?

Interpreting is to read something that is not obvious, making relations between what you know and what you see and trying to create a new message behind the artwork.

1. What is to judge an art work?

Judging something is making a balance between all the things you know by now and decide if there is an important contribution to arts.

1. What is one of the first art manifestations?

The paintings found in caves.

1. Who created the cuneiform writing system? And what does it mean?

Mesopotamians. It means “in form of a wedge”.

1. What are the principal Egyptian art works?

Palette of Narmer, pyramids and mummification.

1. Which are the Six Canon of Painting by Hsieh Ho?

• Animation through spirit consonance.
• Structural method in the use of the brush.
• Fidelity to the object in portraying forms.
• Conformity to kind in applpying colors.
• Proper planning in the placing of elements.
• Transmission of the experience of the past in making copies.

1. Which are the four concepts to understand Hinduism?

Dharma, artha, kama, and moksha.

1. What is relief and its different forms?

A relief is when a figure stands out from a flat surface, such as a wall. It had two different forms: one very stylized, near to the style from Mesopotamia, and other one more realistic. You can find a mix of these two forms in all the representations of the Persian culture.

1. What is the golden section or golden ratio?

Is the idea in which a line, if it is divided in two, the longer part divided by the smaller would equal to the whole line divided by the longer part. The equivalent number of the golden ratio is 1.618.

1. Which are the different Greek columns style (orders)?

Doris, ionic, and Corinthian.

1. What is one of the Roman inventions that we still use nowadays?

Aqueducts.

1. What are some important architectonic concepts of Gothic art?

Ribbed vaults, piers, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and stained-glass windows.

1. What is a characteristic that early Christian art and Byzantine art share?

They had the objective of glorifying the Christian religion and the teachings of Jesus Christ.

1. Which is the name given to cemeteries in the underground?

Catacombs.

1. The periods of art were affected by which factors?

Archeological rests from the roman culture, city-states, and the creation of the maecenate.

Concepts Topic 8-15

1. Archaic Era: The time in every culture in which they started leaving their nomadic ways and begin to be sedentary.
2. Preclassic Era: Period in which the practice of agriculture, the production od pottery, the labor division, and the trade emerged.
3. Peninsulares (Spaniards): Persons of Spanish descent born in Spain. Some of them were working in important places, for example, in the Church, the army or the government.
4. Criollos (Spanish Americans): A black or white person born in the Americas but non-indigenous, of a Spanish descent.
5. Indios (Amerindians): The original people of the Americas, considered a pure race.
6. Mestizos (Amerindian and Spanish mix): One parent was Spanish, the other parent was Amerindian.
7. Castizos (Spanish with some Amerindian mix): One of the parent was Mestizo and the other was Spanish.
8. Cholos (Amerindian with some Spanish mix): Persons with one Amerindian parent and one Mestizo parent.
9. Mulattos (African and Spanish mix): Persons of a Spanish parent and an African parent. They were born in slavery.
10. Zambos (Amerindian and African mix): Persons that come from a mix of Amerindian and Black.
11. Pardos (Spanish, African, and Amerindian mix): Persons that can come in a relation of a Spaniard with a Zambo, a Mulatto with a Mestizo or an African with a Mestizo.
12. Baroque period: A movement that reacts against Renaissance.
13. Baroque painting: It has the characteristic of not including a central figure to look at.
14. Neoclassicism: A very intellectual movement that wanted to return to the classic art.
15. Romanticism: A movement that changed the perspective of art and was the preamble of other important movements like Impressionism and Avant-garde.
16. Les Misérables: Book written by Victor Hugo during Romanticism. It is one of the longest novels ever written.
17. Romanticism painting: It shows the integration of nature and the human being.
18. Colloquialism: Words use in an informal way to present or express something.
19. Impressionism: Movement that can be considered as the first Avant-garde movement, or it preamble.
20. Pop Art: Movement  influenced by the mass media, Internet, and cinema.

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