Law Ingles

What is law?

The law is normative and institutional order of human behavior in society inspired by principles of justice, whose base are social relations that determine its content and character. In other words, they are behaviors directed to the enforcement of rules governing social interaction and allow resolve subjective conflicts.

History of law

International: Hammurabi Code. The code Hammurabi was the first written code of laws, before it the laws were oral, because of that the laws were very ambiguous and changeable . The famous phrase of this code is "eye for eye, tooth for tooth." which means that the one who makes a negative action will receive the same punishment.

 Roman law, Justinian code: Justinian was an emperor, known for its bloody actions. but also had an important work collecting all Roman law into a code of laws.

National: In the organization of the republic many constitutions were created, all of it away from the national reality. Until the battle between conservatives and liberals, in which the Conservatives won and launches a presidential constitution of 1833 (based on the ideas of Diego Portales). A century later with Alessandri was created in 1925 a presidential constitution wich separates church and state. A few years later during a dictatorship in 1980 a new constitution was written. These three constitutions are the most important in the history of chili, all these were created under pressure from the military.

Basic concepts

Justice: The Romans defined justice as "giving each what it deserves".

Justice is represented by a blindfolded woman with a balance in one hand and a sword in the other. (Sword: Force of Reason, blindfolded: is impartial, balance: support and disappointment that exists in any case)

Law: Civil Code define the law as "a statement of the sovereign will, manifested in the form prescribed by the constitution, order prohibit or allows.".

There are also decree law when the country is on a special or extreme situation.

Initiative: the President sent a project of law to the Congress.

Discussion: Both houses of Congress vote for approve or denied the law. Depending on the type of law are minimum quorum for approval.

Sentence: Once approved in both houses is sent to the president the law whit the changes made in the Congress, for the president to sign.

Enactment: The president signs the law.

Publication: The law is published in the official journal and from that moment the law is understood as existing.

Constitution: Basic Law of the organization and functioning of the state and the rights and duties of individuals.

Article 1 of the Constitution: "All persons are born free and equal in dignity and rights." Remember that Chile is a democratic and republican representative state.

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