Nutrition

Nutrition: all the processes envolved in

Ingesting food substances

Transforming the substances

for their utilizacion

Eliminating waste

Includes:

1 - Digestive system – digestion

2 – Respiratory system – breathing

3 – Circulatory system – circulation

4 – Excretory system – excretion

ALIMENTATION : the process of

A- Obtaining foods

B- Preparing foods

C- Eating foods

Food contains

NUTRIENTS: substances that the body needs to GROW and FUNCTION WELL

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Origin of the food

ANIMAL or PLANT

FIVE GROUPS OF FOOD

GROUP 1

Milk, yoghurt and cheese

Dairy products contain many nutrients:

CALCIUM

- STRONG BONES

and TEETH GROUP 2

Meat, fish, poultry, beans, eggs and nuts.

Has many nutrients necessary for

GROWTH

GROUP 3

Bread, rice, pasta, cereals, sugar and sweets.

Give some of the

ENERGY

we need GROUP 4

Fruit and vegetables.

Contains

VITAMINS

Necessary for good HEALTH

GROUP 5

Fats and oils.

provides

ENERGY

but has

few NUTRIENTS.

They should be consumed in moderation.

A HEALTHY DIET

A diet is all the food we eat over a period of time.

SHOULD BE

1 - COMPLETE: eating food of all the groups

2 - BALANCE: the right amount of each food type

Diets vary depending on

a) how old a person is

b) how many exercise they do

For example,

While our bodies are growing, it is important to have a diet rich in calcium to ensure strong, healthy bones.

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, meat and fish is important at all ages.

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FOOD SAFETY

The food has to be in GOOD CONDITION

A - HYGIENE – is important when handling food

For example,

1) food should stored properly,

2) we should wash our hands before preparing food

3) we should wash our hands before we eat

B – The EXPIRY DATE: indicates the last date when it is safe to eat a food. After that date it could be harmful to our health. The expiry date is written on all packaged foods.

THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS

1 – What is the digestive process ?

THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS ENABLES US TO OBTAIN NUTRIENTS FROM THE FOOD WE EAT.

This process is carried out in the digestive system.

Its occurs in two phases:

1) DIGESTION and

2) ABSORPTION

As a result of this process, nutrients pass into the blood. Any undigested food is excreted from the body as FAECES.

Parts of the digestive system

1. Mouth

2. Oesophagus

3. Liver

4. Stomach

5. Pancreas

6. Small intestine

7. Large intestine

8. Anus

2 – Digestion

Digestion is the phase in which FOOD is converted into the NUTRIENTS that our body needs.

A – Digestion begins in the mouth. Here food is chewed and mixed with SALIVA, and it starts to break down. When food is swallowed, it travels down the oeshophagus to the stomach.

B – In the STOMACH, digestion continues.

Food is mixed with GASTRIC JUICES to form a thick liquid. This liquid passes into the small intestine.

C – Digestion ends in the SMALL INTESTINE. There the thick liquid is mixed with JUICES from the INTESTINE. There the thick liquid is mixed with JUICES FROM THE INTESTINE, the PANCREAS and the LIVER.

The end product is A COMBINATION OF NUTRIENTS and other substances which are not needed by the body. The nutrients from the food travel into the blood through the thin walls of the small intestine. This is called ABSORPTION.

JUICES: some liquids produced by the body.

GASTRIC: referring to the STOMACH.

CAVITY: a hole in a tooth caused by decay

3 – ABSORPTION

Is the phase in which nutrients pass into the blood and are distributed throughout the body.

Absorption takes place in the small intestine when digestion has finished.

The nutrients pass into the body, and the undigested remains continue on the large intestine.

FAECES, which contains indigested food and waste, are formed in the large intestine.

Finally, they are passed out through the anus.

4 - A healthy digestive system

To keep the digestive system healthy, we should take care of our teeth and eat food high in fibre.

To keep our teeth healthy and avoid getting CAVITIES, we must brush our teeth after every meal. We should avoid eating too many sweets, and we should visit the dentist every 6 months.

Fibre helps food travel through the digestive tract. Fibre is found in fruit, vegetables, pulses and wholemeal bread.

Nutrition: all the processes envolved in

Ingesting _____ _________

Transforming the __________

for

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