REVISION DE MINERALES ORGANICOS

MINERALES ORGANICOS EN LA NUTRICIÓN DE RUMIANTES

PEDRO NEL RODRIGUEZ HERNANDEZ

JULIO DE 2016

UNIVERSIDAD DEL TOLIMA

FACULTA DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA

SEMINARIO I

MAESTRIA EN CIENCIAS PECUARIAS

ABSTRACT

In Colombia because of its geographical location fodder conditions meet rapidly growing biomass, however the mineral composition of the forage diet fails to supply the mineral requirements of livestock farms. To which is important meet these requirements with an addition of minerals to optimize absorption by the digestive tract, acting biochemical processes internal animal helping to improve the quality of eggs, sperm and in the case of animals primed provides conditions suitable for the formation of muscle and bone. The bioavailability of trace minerals is very important since it depends on the quantity and quality of supply of these, for this reason the search for new sources of trace elements more assimilative capacity as organic or chelated not suffer damages or changes arises rumen and they are absorbed in the intestine in a higher proportion than inorganic comply structural functions participate in different reactions and regulating vital functions and the immune system. This group of minerals is called trace amounts required because animals are very small, normally expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per kilogram body weight (mg / kg BW). Of the 16 elements considered necessary, really they are essential cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iodine (I), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo); other deficiencies occur very rarely. Organic complexes of use and Zn, Mn, Cu, Co are important in maintaining fertility, are involved in protein synthesis and metabolism of vitamins, like the formation of connective tissue. In the case of meat animals it is presented deficiency Copper, Zinc and Selenium

TABLA DE CONTENIDO

Capitulo 1                                                                                        1

Introducción                                                                                        1

Capitulo 2                                                                                        3

Importancia de los Microminerales en la Nutrición de Rumiantes                                3

2.1 Concepto de Biodisponibilidad                                                                3

2.2 Clasificación de los complejos orgánicos                                                        3

2.3 Características de algunos minerales                                                        4

2.4 Funciones de los Macrominerales                                                                4

2.4.1 Calcio                                                                                         4

2.4.2 Fosforo                                                                                        5

2.4.3 Sodio                                                                                        5

2.4.4 Cloro                                                                                        6

2.4.5 Potasio                                                                                        6

2.4.6 Azufre                                                                                        6

2.5 Microminerales                                                                                6

2.5.1 El Cobre                                                                                        6

2.5.2 El Zinc                                                                                        7

2.5.3 El Selenio                                                                                        8

Capitulo 3                                                                                        9

Historia de los minerales orgánicos                                                                9

3.1 Resultados Investigativos de Minerales Orgánicos en Nutrición de Rumiantes                11

3.2 Bovinos de Carne                                                                                12

3.3 Bovinos de Leche                                                                                13

3.4 Ovinos                                                                                        13

Capitulo 4                                                                                        15

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