CIVIL WAR, INTERREGNUM AND RESTORATION

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CIVIL WAR, INTERREGNUM AND RESTORATION

Culture of the Engish-speaking Countries I

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INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR SANTA ELENA

English Teaching Program

Culture of the English-speaking Countries I

Practical Work N° 3: Civil War, Interregnum and Restoration

Deadline: 20th October

Choose TWO questions from each section and answer them.

A-King vs Parliament:

• Why did not James I get along with Parliament?
• Explain the Gunpowder Plot and how the English celebrate this date every year.
• Describe Charles I’s eleven years of tyranny.
• Why was Parliament referred to as the Short Parliament in 1640 and Rump Parliament in 1648?

B-Civil War:

5-Which were the two main sides in this confrontation? Where did supporters come from?

6-Who was Oliver Cromwell? What was the “New Model Army”?

7-What were the Commonwealth and the Instrument of Government?

8-Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell? What happened to the Protectorate?

C-Charles II and James II:

9-Why was Charles II known as the Merry Monarch?

10-What secret deal was Charles II a part of? What happened when gossip spread?

11-Who tried to win the throne when James II succeeded Charles II? Was he successful?

12-In 1688 King James’ son was born. Why were Protestants horrified at the idea of a male heir to the throne?

D-William and Mary

13-Who replaced James II on the throne? Why was the event called the Glorious Revolution?

14-What was the Bill of Rights? What did it establish?

15-Who ruled after Queen Mary died? What was the Act of Settlement?

E-The Last Stuart

16-Who became the last Stuart in power? Was she a strong healthy woman?

17-Why was the Act of Union passed? What was it about?

18-Who succeeded Queen Anne? What was his connection to the Crown?

1. Name: King James I

Parents: Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley
Relation to Elizabeth II: 9th great-grandfather.[pic 5]

House of: Stuart
Ascended to the throne: March 24, 1603 aged 36 years

Crowned: July 25, 1603 at Westminster Abbey, also as James VI of Scotland at Stirling Castle on July 29, 1567

Married: Anne, Daughter of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway

Children: Three sons and five daughters, of whom three survived infancy; Henry, Elizabeth and Charles

Died: March 27, 1625 at Theobalds Park, Hertfordshire, aged 58 years.
Buried at: Westminster

Reigned for: 22 years. King of Scotland for 57 years 1567-1625.

Succeeded by: his son Charles.[pic 6]

• The first parlament, 1604-1611
• The Second Parlament (or addled) Parlament, 1614
• The Third Parlament, 1621

At the start of the reign of James I, he received a tolerably good welcome from Parliament. James seemed to offer Parliament a fresh start after the unpredictable behaviour of Elizabeth in her last few years. However, James was to quarrel with Parliament over a number of issues and this positive early relationship soon faltered. The major issues that caused James and Parliament to fall out were royal finances, royal favourites and the belief by James that he could never be wrong.  The first Parliament of Stuart England lasted from 1604 to 1611. The major issues it dealt with were royal finances – monopolies as an example – and the raising of money for James without the consent of Parliament.  In 1614 the Adled Parliament sat. This parliament dealt with religious issues (primarily the spread of Catholicism) and royal finances. However, it only sat for eight weeks before being dissolved by James as it wanted to discuss the whole thorny issue of the raising of money by the Crown without Parliamentary consent – a topic James was not prepared for them to discuss. The next Parliament under James was in 1621. The Thirty Years War had started in 1618 – so foreign policy matters were of primary concern. Parliament also wanted the right to discuss its own powers and rights – something that James was not prepared to allow. As with the Adled Parliament, the life of this Parliament was cut short in December 1621. Parliament also sat in 1624. The two major issues it dealt with were raising money for war with Spain and the imprisonment of Lionel Cranfield, the finance minister for the Crown.

The Guy Fawkes Day is celebrated in UK every year on 5th of November. The day is celebrated to commemorate the Gunpowder Plot of the year 1605. The Gunpowder Plot was meant to kill King James I and destroy the English Parliament. One of the main conspirators of the plot was Guy Fawkes, after which the day is named.[pic 7][pic 8]

In the 17th century, the Catholics in Great Britain had become frustrated with the indifferent and harsh attitude of the people and the government towards their religion. The Gunpowder Plot was meant to be the beginning of the Catholic uprising. The conspirators of the plot began planning a year in advance. Around 36 barrels of gunpowder was stored in the House of Lords which were covered with iron bars and firewood. However, the conspiracy was exposed by a secret letter to Lord Monteagle, who was persuaded not to attend the Parliament on that day.

The letter saw a massive hunt for the perpetrators and Guy Fawkes was finally arrested on the day, with a few others held and some killed too. The people of Great Britain were happy that their King was saved and this was followed by burning of firecrackers and bonfires, which led to the current tradition of Guy Fawkes Day.

Also called the Bonfire Night or the Guy Fawkes Night, the day is celebrated with a show of fireworks and bonfires. Unlike the 18th and the 19th century when the celebrations were more robust, the celebrations of the day have become largely muted. However, some parts of Great Britain still celebrate the day in a customary fashion. Men run after each other on the streets with kit tar barrels while effigies of Guy Fawkes are also burnt in certain parts. Bonfires form a major part of the celebrations with the greatest one being in Lewes, England. Also called the Bonfire Capital of the World, thousands of people throng the streets at night in Lewes in front of a large bonfire to celebrate the day. In Lewes, the day is also celebrated in memory of the Protestant Martyrs who laid down their life during the Marian Persecutions.[pic 9]

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