Causes And Consequences Of World War I

Causes and Consequences of WW I

Causes

 Nationalism + Militarism = Imperialism

 Germany & GB build up their military

 Tensions rise in the Balkans

 GB fears Germany; Ger. fears them and Russia.

 Fierce competition for markets and territories (for resources).

 Alliances form to preserve status quo

*The World War of 1914-18 - The Great War, as contemporaries called it -- was the first man-made catastrophe of the 20th century. Historians can easily identify the literal "smoking gun" that set the War in motion: a revolver used by a Serbian nationalist to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne) in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.

*But scholars are still debating the underlying causes. Was it the desire for greater empire, wealth and territory? A massive arms race? The series of treaties which ensured that once one power went to war, all of Europe would quickly follow? Was it social turmoil and changing artistic sensibilities brought about by the Industrial Revolution? Or was it simply a miscalculation by rulers and generals in power?

*The answer is that all of these volatile elements combined to set off a gigantic explosion we now know as World War I.

WWI

 True to the military alliances, Europe's powers quickly drew up sides after the assassination. The allies -- chiefly Russia, France and Britain -- were pitted against the Central Powers -- primarily Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. Eventually, the War spread beyond Europe as the warring continent turned to its colonies and friends for help. This included the United States, which joined the War in 1917 when President Woodrow Wilson called on Americans to "make the world safe for democracy.“

 Most of the leaders in 1914 had no real idea of the war machine they were putting into motion. Many believed the War would be over by Christmas 1914. But by the end of the first year, a new kind of war emerged on the battlefield that had never been seen before -- or repeated since: total war-producing stalemate, the result of a war that went on for 1,500 days.

World War I begins, officially, when A-H declared war on Serbia, on July 28, 1914.

 Alliances kick in.

 Germany invades Belgium to attack France.

 1 out of 4 men who went to war, died there. Those who survived did so maimed and/or mad.

 Conflict turned into a STALEMATE: a deadlock in which neither side can defeat the other. Like being “stuck.”

A New Kind of War

 Stalemate

 2 fronts: Eastern Front (border of Germany and Russia); and Western Front (along the French-German border.)

 Battles in TRENCHES.

 Poison Gas and Flame throwers.

 Tanks!!!

 Submarines (Germans’ were called U-boats)

 Airplanes

 “No man’s land”

 Messenger dogs

War around the World

 The Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers in Oct. 1914, and cuts off the Allies’ access to Russia through the Dardanelles (strait that connects the Black and Mediterranean Seas.)

 So, in 1915 the Allies send a massive force to open up the strait. They fought the Turks in the Battle of Gallipoli, for 10 months! (and lost).

 The Turks massacred the Armenians when they fought vs. Russia- 20th. Century’s first GENOCIDE.

 The British sent Colonel Lawrence to help the Arabs revolt against the Turks in the Middle East. He is now famouly know as “Lawrence of Arabia.”

 All European powers drew their colonies into the conflict, using them to get men to fight, and to obtain supplies for the war.

 People in the colonies had mixed feelings about the war. Some hoped to be rewarded with independence

...