Crisis financieras internacionales

Crisis financieras internacionales

El 18 de septiembre del 2008, el sector inmobiliario colapso debido a las hipotecas que se estaban ofreciendo de una forma poco ética. Varias empresas se dedicaron a dar hipotecas a personas que no podían pagarlas, ya que el verdadero negocio era quedarse con las casas de estas personas, sin importarles lo que ellas perdían.  Estas practicas no éticas en los negocios derivaron un colapso varias compañías fuertes, entre ellas Lehman Brothers.

Debido a que estas compañías eran muy grandes, movían gran parte de la economía, por lo que la economía de los estados unidos colapso en días, al igual que la economía global. Por lo tanto, las practicas poco éticas de las empresas pueden llegar a causar un impacto en la economía global.

Lehman Brothers necesitaban un recate financiero de 700 billones de dólares, que nadie les presto por lo que terminaron en la quiebra. Mientras tanto Bear Sterns también se quedo sin liquidez debido a que dejo de tener prestamos de los bancos y otras instituciones financieras una vez que estas se dieron cuenta lo que causaban estas inversiones, que era dejar a varias personas sin casas.

En este momento se usaron los swaps para transferir en riesgo de créditos de una persona a otra. Las personas involucradas adquirieron estos créditos para asegurar sus deudas, lo que ocasiono que se hiciera mas grande esta crisis.

Como resultado de la recesión el Banco Federal de Reservas le dio un préstamo a la compañía de Bear Stearns para que no se quedara completamente en la quiebra. Debido a esta recesión varios inversores se vieron afectados debido a las malas especulaciones de este negocio. Por lo tanto, el banco central tuvo que inyectar dinero a la economía para que esta se pudiera seguir sosteniendo y para que minimizaran los precios inflados en el sector de bienes raíces.

Con esto nos podemos dar cuenta que las practicas éticas dentro de las empresas son necesarias, para en un futuro se puedan seguir sosteniendo.

- As we learn very quickly, the issues did not stay isolated with Bear Stearns.  In fact, it was

quickly becoming apparent that there was an even bigger issue with mortgages.  It was becoming

apparent that banks had been handing out subprime mortgages, which are mortgages given to

people who would not generally qualify for that particular mortgage under normal operating

procedures, for decades in order to inflate numbers.  This issue began in the 1990s with the

current administration and its wanting to put “everyone in a house.”  It sounds good in theory,

but it is not practical.

- Unfortunately, the troubles with Bear Stearns could not be contained.  Next, investment bank

giant Lehman Brothers found itself in trouble.  Its CEO, Dick Fold, was confident that

Secretary Paulsen and the US Government would help arrange an agreement or some type of

“shotgun marriage” in order to bail the company out.  Unfortunately, Secretary Paulsen decided

that moral hazard was more important in this case.

- Trouble continues to spread as US mortgage giant Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac are having

serious issues as well.  Understanding that this could be an even more serious problem, Paulsen

decided to step in and make the US Government a majority shareholder in the biggest mortgage

dealer in the country, effectively nationalizing the company.

- Trouble continues, however this time it is AIG that feels the issue.  AIG is the world’s largest

insurance company.  As we see, the issues have spread from investment banks and mortgage

companies heavily involved in housing to insurance companies.  At this point, no company was

safe.  Realizing that, Paulsen and the US Government decided it needed to act fast because AIG

was so big, as one reporter described it, they made other company’s troubles look like “child’s

play.”  So, the US Government decided to loan AIG $85 billion in order to help cover their bad

investments and assets.  So much for moral hazard at this point; the US Government had to step

in and prevent a 2

nd

 Great Depression.

- So far the government had been acting on a case-by-case basis.  Bernanke and Paulsen realized

that the overall US economy could not handle this much longer, thus they decided to try and get

out in front of the issue.  This included petitioning congress for hundreds of millions of dollars to

bailout the United States Economy.  This idea was met with great resistance from Congress.  

With the help of several high-powered congressmen and congresswomen, they drew up a bill

asking for the bailout package.  Did the bill pass Congress the first time?  Yes    or    No

- The markets continued to drop, so Congress came together, created a new bill and the new bill

passed.  Paulsen had the money needed to attempt to ignite the US Economy again.  He started

with the banking system.  Paulsen called the leaders of the largest banks in the country and

strong-armed the banks into accepting the money.  The government decided to use capital

injection to give money directly to the banks who could, in turn, use that money for lending to

customers directly and, hopefully, unfreeze the credit markets

- As we learn very quickly, the issues did not stay isolated with Bear Stearns.  In fact, it was

quickly becoming apparent that there was an even bigger issue with mortgages.  It was becoming

apparent that banks had been handing out subprime mortgages, which are mortgages given to

people who would not generally qualify for that particular mortgage under normal operating

procedures, for decades in order to inflate numbers.  This issue began in the 1990s with the

current administration and its wanting to put “everyone in a house.”  It sounds good in theory,

but it is not practical.

- Unfortunately, the troubles with Bear Stearns could not be contained.  Next, investment bank

...