Sistema digestivo

 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

 Introduction: The lack of any organs, prevents the digestive system to function properly. In humans, the digestive system is made up of various organs where everyone plays an important role in their daily operations. THE digestive system is vital to the functioning of every living thing.

What is the digestive system?

• The digestive system is responsible for digesting the food we eat, making them suitable for them to be first absorbed and then assimilated

features:

• The stomach: It is the principal organ of digestion and digestive biggest part, is shaped like an elastic sac may increase or decrease its size according to the amount of food it contains.

• The large intestine: The large intestine or colon is the last structure to process food. It receives the indigestible substances the small intestine absorbs water and moves waste products called stool. Feces are expelled from the body through the rectum and anus.

• The small intestine is the part of the digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine. It is divided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

         anatomical structure

       The gastrointestinal tract is formed by:

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine is divided into duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

The large intestine. Consisting of: blind, appendix, colon and rectum.

Liver (with gall bladder and pancreas) are part of the digestive system, although not the gut.

        diseases:

• Gastritis

• Appendicitis

• Constipation

• Hepatitis

• Hemorrhoids

• Peritonitis

• Flatulence

• Diarrhea

• Cirrhosis

• Stomach Cancer

• Indigestion and heartburn

digestive process

Digestion begins in the mouth with the mechanical grinding of the food with its wetting by the saliva and the onset of chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the food. This chemical digestion because saliva contains an enzyme, ptialina that attacks these compounds. The snack food becomes a uniform wet mass, called bolus, which is moved by the tongue towards the pharyngeal swallowing process.

The esophagus runs bolus driven by peristalsis into the stomach and impeded their retreat by a valve called the cardia. In the stomach, the muscular walls of the feed mixed with gastric juices rich in hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that degrade the food into smaller and smaller components, until a whitish slurry, called chyme.

Chyme slowly passes from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum, through another valve called the pylorus. The food, enough gradient, is attacked by intestinal juices (produced in the walls of the duodenum), rich in enzymes, pancreatic juice (produced in the pancreas), also rich in enzymes, and bile (produced by the liver), containing bile salts, molecules that make emulsify fats, so that the enzymes can act on them. Chemical digestion which takes place in the first part of the intestine (duodenum called) complete digestion of all the organic molecules of the food. Porridge called chyle, which are now all basic units to be absorbed forms.

Absorption is the incorporation of nutrients, the basic chemical units forming foods, blood. Absorption occurs mostly in the upper small intestine, jejunum and ileum called. The intestinal walls here are very folded (have villi) to increase the exchange surface and so absorb the greatest possible amount of nutrients. Each intestinal villus internally has a network of blood capillaries and lacteals (lymphatic capillaries) that collect nutrients for incorporation into the bloodstream.

The agestión is the act that completes the action of the digestive system. Is to concentrate and expel undigested remains. The residues of digestion, from the ileum, reaches the large intestine (the section called blind) in the stool occurs. First, the digested remains not go up the ascending colon (right), where the reabsorption of water and some elements, such as sodium occurs. The remains continue through the transverse colon (from right to left of the abdominal cavity) and down the descending colon (left), where it is stored in the form of feces. Finally, to be expelled, they reach the rectum, which opens to the outside through the anus. The act of expulsion of feces is called defecation.

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