JAPAN

JAPAN

Government Actions for economic growth Time period of economic growth Competitive advantage/ reasons for success Weaknesses Main Environmental Issues IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Capitalist government; closely allied with the United States after World War II, especially for development aims.

Kept a low profile in international political affairs. Flying geese model: a multi-tiered model to describe how industrialization and development spread from one level to another.

Initial focus on exporting manufactured products to NIEs, which helped their development and in turn they helped other ASEAN members.

Supplied large amounts of foreign aid to Southeast Asia to promote development and assure their markets, as well as economic interdependence. Since the end of World War II up until the 90s.

The 80s were a period of great development for Southeast Asia (NIEs). Regional development for economic integration; de facto economic integration.

Production network throughout East Asia, focused on manufacturing.

Using foreign aid as a foreign tool policy.

Mercantilist approach. Economic crises stopped development.

Needs to work on dissipated an anti-Western sentiment in the region.

Temptation to act as a self-appointed Asian leader. - Industrial air pollution

- Waste treatment & Recycling World’s 4th economy, with emphasis on exports

http://web-japan.org/factsheet/en/pdf/e45_environment.pdf

http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/05/10-japan-ennis

INDIA

Government Actions for economic growth Time period of economic growth Competitive advantage/ reasons for success Weaknesses Main Environmental Issues IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Democratic government, with a socialist approach to economics. Creation of Export Processing Zones (EPZs), but there are little incentives for investment.

Focus on service sector without first having become an industrialized country, by taking advantage of globalized communications.

Still largely closed (import substitution) economy.

Labor laws make industries inefficient.

From early 90s up until the 21st century. Driven by Information Technology (IT).

Large pool of skilled and low-cost labor (techies).

Service-oriented export, through taking advantage of digitalization.

Middle-classes are fast becoming consumers of imported good (fostering global economy). Needs to modernize manufacturing industries, infrastructure and promote foreign investment.

Inflexible labor laws.

Growth has had a limited impact on the poorer people.

Needs to strengthen financial sector.

- Lack of fresh water

- Deforestation & Soil degradation

- Trash throwing

- Air pollution (transportation) -

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