Drones: aspectos generales

DRONES: GENERAL ASPECTS AND SOCIAL APPLICATIONS

Drones are small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, remote-controlled and a great ability to be used in many social areas. Today, the development of technology has allowed to popularize its use and to develop innovative technology initiatives. While it was the arms industry who was responsible for the technological development of UAVs, at present - thanks to innovation and to lower the cost of manufacturing, the drones have been used in other areas, for example: search and rescue of missing civilians; farm activities and fumigation; exploration of oil, gas and minerals sites; telecommunications signal coverage; or inspection power lines, aerial photography, crimes fighting facilitation.

State of art. Unmanned aviation had its beginnings in models manufactured by European inventors such as George Cayley (Mathematician English) in 1809, Felix du Temple (Navy French Officer's) in 1857, among others. The origin of UAV is given with the invention of aerial torpedoes; but the UAV experienced a rapid development thanks to technologies such as guided bombs, radio-controlled models, aircraft reconnaissance and combat aircraft. Around 1916 it was held the first UAV1 device, this one allowed the development of new control systems and navigation improving designs and flight times on aircraft. Successful first controlled flight of an unmanned aircraft was done on March 6th, 1918: this one was a de a biplane bomber known as unmanned aerial torpedo Sperry; made of wood, using a guidance based on the knowledge of wind speed and target distance , needed to establish engine characteristics and speed to reach the target.

Geometry, Stability and Control. It’s necessary to establish a model characterizing the aircraft behavior in flight and determine data relating to the position, such as longitude, latitude, altitude and rotation angle. The control and stability functions in a UAV are: direct, guide and maintain speed in the required position. This requires taking into account the relationship of forces and moments affecting varying flight control surfaces of the aircraft. Each control surface associated with their own axis, providing a moment that generates a force and a relative movement to such balance shafts. These three areas are identified like ailerons, elevator and rudder. The ailerons provide roll moment; the tailplane provides Pitch moment; and the rudder provides Yaw moment. Each of these axes can define the maneuvers that a drone is able to perform during operation

DRONES: GENERAL ASPECTS AND SOCIAL APPLICATIONS

Los drones son pequeños vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV, por sus siglas en inglés), controlados a distancia y poseen una gran habilidad para ser utilizados en muchas áreas sociales. Hoy en día, el desarrollo de la tecnología ha permitido popularizar su uso y desarrollar iniciativas tecnológicas innovadoras. Si bien, la industria del armamento fue la responsable del desarrollo tecnológico de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados, actualmente, gracias a la innovación y a la reducción del costo de fabricación, los drones han sido utilizados en otras áreas, por ejemplo: búsqueda y rescate de civiles desaparecidos; actividades agrícolas y fumigación; exploración de yacimientos de petróleo, gas y minerales; cobertura de señales de telecomunicaciones; o líneas eléctricas de inspección, fotografía aérea, facilitación de la lucha contra los crímenes.

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