Herramientas de corte

Procesos de Fabricación

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TECNOLOGICO NACIONAL DE MEXICO

 Instituto Tecnológico de Durango

INGENIERIA MECATRONICA

Procesos de Fabricación

Unidad II

Herramientas de corte

Docente: Nombre del profe.

Alumno: Pedro Erikc Reyes García.

NC: 19041507

Semestre: 3                                                                                        Grupo: U                      

Indice

OPTIMIZATION OF CUTTING PARAMETERS

Parameters for optimization

Interaction factors in machining

Illustration 1 Tool wea

MILLING MACHINE

machine tool with a horizontal or vertical axis on which a cutting tool called a "mill" rotates and that has a horizontal table on which a workpiece is placed or fixed that we will shape (machine) with the mill.

By bringing the cutter to the workpiece on the table, the cutter cuts and shapes it.

A milling machine is a tool designed to machine metals, wood, and other solid materials. It is also known as a multi-task machine because they are multi-purpose machines capable of milling and also turning materials.

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Parts of a milling machine

Most milling machines have self-contained electric drive motors, coolant systems, variable spindle speeds, and electrically powered table feeds.

Let's see with an image the main parts of any milling machine:

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MILLING

Milling is a process performed with a tool called a "mill" in the form of blades.

In this process the blades rotate to remove material from the workpiece clamped on the horizontal table when we bring the cutter towards it.

There are many different milling cutters depending on the shape of the cut that we want to give to the workpiece. Mill machining is one of the most common manufacturing processes used in machine shops and industries to make high-precision products and parts in various shapes and sizes. It covers a wide variety of different operations and machines, ranging from small individual parts to large, heavy-duty series milling operations.

Depending on the type of metal that a router needs to cut, its cutting speed can be adapted.

Softer materials are generally cut at higher speeds and harder materials are typically cut at a slower rate.

The hardness of a material also influences the time, harder metals usually take much longer to mill than soft metals. Then we will see the cutting parameters one by one.

Cutting Parameters

In milling, the speed and movement of the cutting tool are specified through various parameters.

These parameters are selected for each operation based on part material, tool material, tool size, and more.

- Cutting Feed: The distance the cutting tool or workpiece travels during one revolution of the spindle and tool, measured in inches per revolution (IPR). In some operations, the tool is fed into the workpiece and in others the tool is fed into the tool. For a multi-point tool, the cutting feed is also equal to the feed per tooth, measured in inches per tooth (IPT), multiplied by the number of teeth on the cutting tool.

- Cutting Speed: The speed of the workpiece surface relative to the edge of the cutting tool during a cut, measured in surface feet per minute (SFM).

- Spindle speed: the rotational speed of the spindle and the tool in revolutions per minute (RPM). The spindle speed is equal to the cutting speed divided by the circumference of the tool.

- Feedrate: The speed of movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece as the tool makes a cut. Feed rate is measured in inches per minute (IPM) and is the product of cutting feed rate (IPR) and spindle speed (RPM).

- Axial Depth of Cut: The depth of the tool along its axis in the workpiece when making a cut. A large axial depth of cut will require a low feed rate, or else result in high tool load and reduced tool life. Therefore, a feature is typically machined in multiple passes as the tool travels to the specified axial depth of cut for each pass.

- Radial Depth of Cut: The depth of the tool along its radius into the workpiece when making a cut. If the radial depth of cut is less than the tool radius, the tool is only partially engaged and is making a peripheral cut. If the radial depth of cut equals the tool diameter, the cutting tool is fully engaged and is making a slot cut.

A large radial depth of cut will require a low feed rate, or else result in high tool load and reduced tool life.

MILLING OPERATIONS WITH THE MILLING MACHINE

Face milling

This operation makes flat surfaces on the face of the workpiece. This machining operation is performed on surfaces that are perpendicular to the axis of the blade. The operation is carried out with the face milling cutter mounted on the machine axis.

Side milling

It is the machining process that produces a flat vertical surface on the sides of a workpiece. This operation is performed using a side cutter.

Flat milling

It is a process of milling flat surfaces by keeping the axis of the cutter parallel to the surface being milled. Also called surface milling or slab milling. A flat router is used for simple routing.

 Straddle Milling

It is a process in which two side milling cutters are used to machine two opposite sides of a workpiece simultaneously. The fork milling operation is shown in the figure below.

Angle milling

It is a process of milling flat surfaces that are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter. Also called angle milling.mA single angle mill is used to perform this operation.

Gang milling

It is the machining process in which two or more milling cutters are used together to perform different milling operations simultaneously. In gang milling, the cutters are mounted on the arbor.

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