Electrons And Electricity

Vocabulary Practice

1. What are the two kinds of electric charges called? Which charges attract each other and which repel each other?

The property of matter which causes it to attract or repel. Electric charges are either positive or negative. Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract each other.

2. What is static electricity? Have you ever observed static electricity? Give an example

Electric charges that accumulate on a material when it is rubbed against another material.

3. What is friction? What does it produce?

The resistance offered by two different substances when rubbed together. Static electricity is produced by friction when electric charges are removed from one substance and transferred to the other.

4. What kind of electric charge does an electron have? What are electrons that are in orbit called? What are they called when they are not in orbit?

A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge. Planetary electrons are in orbit around the positively charged nucleus of their atom; free electrons have been pulled out of their orbit and are no longer bound to the nucleus.

5. Where are protons and neutrons found? What is the difference between them?

A subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom. It has a positive electric charge.

A subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom. It has no net electric charge.

6. What is the atomic number of an element? How many electrons and protons are there in iron, which has atomic number 26?

The number assigned to the atom of each of the chemical elements. It equals the number of electrons or the number of protons in an atom. Silver, for example, has atomic number 47, so it contains 47 electrons and 47 protons.

7. What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

Conductor: A material which readily permits the flow of free electrons. Cooper is a good conductor.

Insulator: A material which permits a very limited flow of free electrons. Glass is a good insulator.

8. What is energy? How does it relate to electron flow?

The ability to perform work. Energy is required to produce the flow of free electrons.

9. What is an electricity current?

The flow of free electrons through a conductor.

10. What is a cell or battery? What is the technical difference between them?

Devices capable of producing a flow of free electrons by means of a chemical reaction. Technically, a battery is made of two or more cells, but the terms are often interchangeable in popular usage.

11. What is an electricity circuit?

The path followed by an electric current.

12. What is a terminal?

The point at which a current enters or leaves a circuit.

13. What are electrodes? What do they do?

Plates, usually made of metal, in a cell. They become electrically charged by losing or gaining electrons, thereby enabling the flow of an electric current when the battery is connected to a circuit.

14. What is an electrolyte? What does it consist of?

The chemical solution in which the electrodes in a cell are placed. It is a solution of a salt, an acid, or an alkali.

15. What is the difference between a cathode and an anode?

Cathode: The cell electrode form which electrons enter the electrolyte: the positive terminal of the cell.

Anode: the cell electrode which receives electrons from the electrolyte: the negative terminal of the cell.

16. How can a cell be recharged?

Renewing the electrical state of cell electrodes by reversing the electric current passing through them. Recharging lengthens the life of the cell.

17. What is the electrolytic process used for?

A process for refining or plating metals which utilizes an electric current passing through an electrolyte. It is also called electrolysis.

18. What is an ion?

An atom which has lost or gained electrons, thereby becoming electrically charged.

Introduction

Electricity is a naturally occurring force that exists all around us. Humans have been aware of this force for many centuries. Ancient man believed that electricity was some form of magic because they did not understand it. Greek philosophers noticed that when a piece of amber was rubbed with cloth, it would attract pieces of straw. They recorded the first references to electrical effects, such as static electricity and lightning, over 2,500 years ago.

The electrons have the smallest mass of any lepton with load (and also of any charged particles of any type) and belong to the first generation of fundamental particles. The second and third generations contain charged leptons the muon and the tau that are identical to the electron in terms of the burden, the spin and the interactions, but have more mass.

Main Idea

The electricity and the electrons are forces of nature that are all around us and are very important because with this we have electricity in our homes. A more important discovery was that there were two kinds of electrical charges.

La electricidad y los electrones son fuerzas de la naturaleza que están a nuestro alrededor y son muy importantes ya que con esto tenemos

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