First Conditional

First conditional

The 1st (first) conditional sentence structure is also called the future possible/real conditional.

If I eat too much, I will get fat.

It is used to talk about a result [I'll get fat] that is likely to happen or is almost certain to happen in the future IF the condition in the if clause [if I eat too much] occurs.

Generally, in the 1st conditional structure the if clause has a 50% or better chance of happening. If I eat too much, it’s possible that I will get fat. I may not get fat, but it’s more than likely that I will get fat if I eat too much.

The 1st conditional form:

If + simple present, will + verb

*Even though this sentence structure is used to talk about the future, the condition clause [If I eat too much] uses the simple present tense.

Uses of the sentence structure

1. Possibilities

You’ll miss the train if you don’t hurry!

If I miss the train today, I’ll drive to work.

I will pass my math exam if I study hard.

If it rains, we won’t have our picnic.

If you stay out in the rain too long, you’ll get sick!

My mom will be angry if I’m late tonight!

2. Superstitions

If you see a penny on the ground and pick it up, it will bring you good luck!

If you break a mirror, you will have 7 years of bad luck!

If you rub a rabbit’s foot, it will bring you good luck!

If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck!

You will have bad luck if you open an umbrella indoors.

3. Future plans

If you’re going shopping today, I’ll come with you!

If you can get me a ticket, I’ll go to the concert with you!

If you see Ken later today, will you tell him to call me?

4. Warnings and threats

If you don’t come to my birthday party, I’ll never speak to you again.

If you eat too much ice cream, you’ll make yourself sick!<

If you say that again, I will hurt you!

Variations of this sentence structure

1. The imperative can be used in the result clause.

If you call your mother tonight, tell her I said “hello”!

Remember to buy some bananas if you go to the supermarket.

If anyone calls for me, tell them I’m not home!

2. Modals can be used in the result clause, particularly foroffers and suggestions.

If you get a new job, you should really buy nicer clothes!

I can get you a ticket to the Madonna concert if you want to go!

If you need someone to help you move, I might be able to help.

be going to

I’m going to buy a new car next year if I have enough money.

If you don’t give me back my sweater right now, I’m going to scream!

She’s going to take a vacation next

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