La metrología es la ciencia que se ocupa de las mediciones, unidades de medida y de los equipos utilizados para efectuarlos, a su vez de su verificación y calibración periódica.
Enviado por Alberto0493 • 14 de Marzo de 2017 • Trabajo • 5.006 Palabras (21 Páginas) • 245 Visitas
Metrology
[1] Calderon Torres Hebert Alberto*
Resumen
La metrología es la ciencia que se ocupa de las mediciones, unidades de medida y de los equipos utilizados para efectuarlos, a su vez de su verificación y calibración periódica. Su objetivo fundamental es la obtención y expresión del valor de las magnitudes empleando para ello instrumentos, métodos, técnicas y medios apropiados, con la exactitud y precisión requerida en cada caso. Algunos de los instrumentos de medición son: el calibrador pie de rey, el micrómetro, las galgas, el comparador de caratula y el goniómetro, cada uno de ellos permite tomar diferentes medidas ya sea longitud, profundidad, espesor, diámetro, ángulo, entre otros; para la calibración de estos equipos se utilizan unas piezas llamadas patrones de medida que vienen con unas dimensiones definidas y ayudan a saber que tanto se encuentra desviado un equipo. Todo esto con el fin de comprender que la medición es muy importante para el mundo de la manufactura porque desde un plano inicial se definen las condiciones de trabajo garantizando exitosos resultados.
Palabras Clave — Calibración, dimensión, instrumento y Medición.
Abstract
Metrology is the science that deals with the measurements, measurement units and equipment used for these purposes, as well of verification and periodic calibration. Its main objective is the acquisition and expression of the value of the magnitudes using for it instruments, methods, techniques and appropriate means, with the accuracy and precision required in each case. Some of the measuring instruments are: a caliper gauge, micrometer, gauges, the dial gage and the goniometer, each can take different measures either length, depth, thickness, diameter, angle, etc. ; for calibrating such equipment pieces as calls come patterns with defined dimensions and help to know how much is deflected and a computer are used. All this in order to understand that measurement is very important for the world of manufacturing because from an initial level working conditions are defined to ensure successful results.
Key Words — Calibration, dimension, instrument and measurement.
Introducción
Metrology is the science that deals with the measurements, systems of units adopted and the instruments used to exercise them and interpret them. Metrology covers all fields of science: thermal metrology, electrical metrology, acoustic metrology, dimensional metrology, etc. And the measurement is used to determine the size, quantity, weight or extent of something, an object described by numerical magnitudes. This provides an easy, almost unique, way to control the way the parts are dimensioned. It aims to recognize the exact size of the parties and facilitate the smooth inspection, subject to certain requirements and specifications, in advance, to manufacturing.
A measuring instrument is an equipment device or machine that performs the reading of a property (or property) of a random variable, processes, translates and makes understandable the analyst responsible for the measurement. Calibration is a set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values indicated by a "measuring instrument", or represented by a material measure, and the corresponding known values of a measured quantity. In other words: The set of operations that are intended to determine the errors of a measuring instrument, and if necessary other metrological characteristics.
Finally a pattern is a measuring instrument intended to define or realize, conserve or reproduce a unit or more known values of a magnitude, for transmission compared to other instruments. And the measurement uncertainty is an estimate characterizing the range of values within which the true value of the quantity is.
description of the measuring instruments
Table 1 the measuring instruments
NAME | DESCRIPTION | PICTURE |
Measurement standards | It is a measuring instrument intended to define or realize, conserve or reproduce a unit or more known values of a magnitude, for transmission compared to other instruments. | |
Vernier calliper | The vernier caliper is one of the mechanical instruments for measuring linear exterior and interior measuring depths most used. The calibrators allow readings to the nearest metric scale up to 0.05 mm or 0.02 mm and 1/128 scale in English inches or 0.001 inches. | [pic 1] |
Micrometer | It is a tool to make more accurate measurements, which are taken with Vernier calipers. The micrometer has a precision screw which allows small movement of the spindle, which is subsequently; determine the extent of the piece which is being calculated. | [pic 2] |
Dial gage | Measuring instrument in which a small movement of the spindle is amplified by a gear train that moves angularly. A needle is responsible for recording the result on the cover of the device. The pointer can give as many laps as allowed by the measurement mechanism unit | [pic 3] |
Thread gauge | It has a number of sheets corresponding to the thread form several steps (threads per inch). The values are indicated on each sheet. All you have to do is try different sheets until a properly seated in the grooves (threads) of screw or nut. | [pic 4] |
Goniometer | It is a measuring instrument used to measure angles. It consists of a graduated circle of 180 ° or 360, which incorporates a rotating dial on its axis of symmetry, to measure any angular value. The rotary dial incorporates a vernier for precision measurements. | [pic 5] |
Description of measures Pieces
Table 2 the measures pieces
PIECE | DESCRIPTION/DIMENSION | PICTURE |
Rivet | It is known as the process rivet and riveting result (hit the head of a nail or affirms, in a symbolic sense, highlight the statement). A rivet is also a kind of pin or nail is used to fix something. Rivets or roblones, thus locking are instruments that allow the union of two or more elements. Its structure consists of a shank and a head larger than the rest of the rivet diameter. To use, the stem is inserted into what we want to set; head, because of its size, will achieve the union. The measure dimension was the diameter. | [pic 6] |
Screw | A screw is a device used for holding an object. Has a body (cane) elongated and threaded which is introduced into the surface and with a head which has grooves for a tool that can be used and perform the corresponding force for fixing. The measure dimension was the depth of the head | [pic 7] |
Washer | Piece generally circular thin perforated, used to keep tight a nut or a screw, ensuring the seal of a joint or prevent rubbing between two parts. The measure dimension was the thickness | [pic 8] |
Nut | The nut can be described as a threaded round hole (helical groove cut in the bore) into a prism and works always associated with a screw. If a round hole practiced in an operator and then thread, we will, for all purposes, an operator that makes nut (although it is not a nut propiam. The measure dimension was the distance of the faces | [pic 9] |
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