Causas y tipos de la diabetes

DIABETES

Diabetes is usually a lifelong disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood.

Causes

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to it or both. To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested:

• Glucose is a source of energy for the body, enters the bloodstream.

• The pancreas makes insulin, whose role is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat and liver cells, where it can be used as energy.

People with diabetes have high blood sugar because their body can not move sugar until adipocytes, hepatocytes and muscle cells to be stored for energy.

There are two main types of diabetes:

• Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age but is most often diagnosed in children, teenagers or young adults. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin and require daily injections of this hormone.

• Type 2 diabetes accounts for the majority of cases of diabetes. It usually occurs in adulthood, but is now being diagnosed in adolescents and young adults due to high rates of obesity. Many people with this type of diabetes are unaware they have the disease.

• Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that occurs at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes.

Symptoms such as:

blurred vision, excessive thirst, fatigue, frequent urination, hunger, Weight loss.

Fasting blood glucose greater than 126 mg / dL. Levels between 100 and 126 mg / dL are referred to as impaired fasting glucose or prediabetes.

Hemoglobin A1c:

• Normal: Less than 5.7%

• Prediabetes: between 5.7% and 6.4%

• Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

Tolerance test Oral glucose: glucose exceeds 200 mg / dL after 2 hours of a glucose drink.

Urinalysis

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