Essay of Animals

Animals

        Animals are natural creatures. They live in many places around the world. Goats came from mountains and cold places, there are many breeds in Mexico, the most famous is saanen, it is a dairy breed, it can produce 6 liters of milk a day and it come from Swiss. Their fur is white, and mammal glands have a good implanted.  Saanen can eat forage like other ruminants and they are docile and peaceful. Nubian is a goat that looks like a dog, because their ears are so large and pendulous. The fur of Nubian goats is brown whit black, and their nose is like a parakeet, and it can live in arid places. Nubian goat can produce 600-700 liters of milk by lactation, but saanen goat can produce 600-1000 liters by lactation,  Goat’s milk is not common in Mexico, people prefer cow´s milk, may be because there are many blurb. There are many brands that sell milk like Lala, Alpura, Leche Querétaro, San Marcos, Santa Clara, Araceli, Gota Blanca, etc. Sheeps produce milk too, but sheeps have special breeds that produce this product, like East Friesian, it can produce more than 3 liters a day. Mexico has East Friesian, above Querétaro, Guanajuato, Jalisco e Hidalgo. These are 70 kg – 120 kg weight (females and males respectively). Sheeps produce meat too, but there are special breeds like Hampshire, Dorper, Dorset and Charollais. Some breeds produce wool, but other don’t because have hair. Bovines are a family  of big animals. These can produce milk or meat, it depends if it is a bos Taurus or a bos indicus. Bos Taurus is an Europe animal, and bos indicus is an Indian animal. Bos Taurus supports cold climates, and bos indicus support tropical and arid climates. There are many breeds of meat like Angus, beefmaster, limousine, Simmental, Hereford, Gyr and Bradford.  Bos indicus has ears and neck largest in all bovines. My favorite animal is dairy cow. This animal is a bovine and is a ruminant too. Breeds came from Europe, that’s the reason why animals don´t like hot climates, because it causes stress and produce less milk. Holstein is the most famous breed in cows, it has black and white colors in the fur, although it can be brown and white (red factor), is less common. Holstein cows are 550-600 kg weight, there are two varieties: Canadian and American. Canadian cows are larger and weightier than American cows. The behavior is the same in both varieties, but is more expensive to feed a Canadian cow than an American cow. Jersey is another cow’s breed, it is smaller than Holstein cow, and it produces less milk than Holstein cow because Jersey cow eats less. Jersey cows have bigger eyes than Holstein, and the color of their fur is brown. Milk is food that has many nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and fat. From milk can be made many kinds of cheese (fresh cheese, spreadable cheese, and mature cheeses), yogurts, milk drinks (milkshakes, liquefied), creams, cakes, butter and probiotics. A ruminant is an animal that can ruminate, and ruminate is the action of chew, because they have a rumen. Rumen is a digestive organ. People say that cows have fourth stomachs, but it is false completely. Rumiants have only one stomach called abomasum, this is the real stomach because it produces hydrochloric acid. Ruminants have fourth compartments (divisions or sections in the digestive system): reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasums, but people think that these are one. Reticulum looks like honeycomb or a net, rumen looks like a carpet, omasum looks like a book and abomasum look like a bottle. Lactation is a period when an animal can produce and secrete milk by the mammary glands, and it can be as long as you want. In Dairy cows it can be about 305 days and 60 days are for rest. Dairy cows can give birth a calf by year, because the gestation lasts nine months like a woman. People believe that cows are whit their baby, but it is false. In some places of Mexico this system is using, especially in Veracruz, Chiapas, Tabasco and Oaxaca, because they have bos indicus, and this animal can’t produce milk if it doesn’t have their baby beside. Calves can drink eight liters of milk each day. They need colostrums because this ingredient is a food complement, it increments resistance to diseases like diarrhea and pneumonia mainly. However colostrums support inmunitary system against of diseases. During two first weeks of calve’s lives, colostrum is essential because it has mother antibodies that helps at survival calves. Calves drink milk during two months or more, it depends of the farm. There are many qualities of colostrums, and these can be measured with a densitometer. If the colostrums are high quality, densitometer is green, if the quality of colostrums is medium, densitometer’s color is yellow, but if the quality is low, densitometer’s color is red. In a dairy farm is necessary a big population of females, that’s why a calf needs has a great feeding. When a calf is 13 years old is called heifer. Heifers achieve sexual mature when they are 11 years old. Bulls are not necessary in a dairy farm because artificial insemination is a new technology. This technique uses a selection of spermatozoids of bulls content inside of pipettes. These bulls have a pedigree with specific hereditable characteristics. For example, we can select sperm of bull that give us more yield milk daughters. More over the sperm could be select by XX or XY if you want only females and none males.

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