Balance Nacional

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UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DEL GOLFO DE MEXICO[pic 8]

DRILLING FLUIDS

INTRODUCTION

 Many are the benefits that Oil Base drilling fluids give us in the drilling of oil and gas wells. However, in recent times, there has been an increase in environmental legislation that foresees the application of fluids oil base in the petroleum industry, using water-based fluids as the more acceptable environmental alternative.

It is also known that approximately 76% of the perforated formations are hydratable clays which can cause many problems such as pit instability, high torque and drag, as well as a high operating cost.   

Therefore, the most optimal alternatives can be different types of inhibited water base systems, which control the adverse effects in shale / clay formations. These water base alternatives are called High Performance Water Based Sludges. Also, the properties of Base Oil fluids are the researchers' ultimate goal to develop ideal fluids to drill problematic formations. 

                   
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PROBLEMATIC

Remediate drilling fluids reducing environmental impact.

Perform an analysis of the selection of transformation fluids taking into account their functions to meet a specific well, knowledge of the state of their physical-chemical properties, and making use of more efficient products that have been incorporated according to the advances of Science and technology.

Bentonite to prepare drilling fluids is generally used without any chemical treatment and is used indiscriminately by drilling companies, that is, many of them do not apply the basic criteria to adapt these fluids to the geological and hydrological conditions of the site.

JUSTIFICATION

The drilling fluids meet numerous with numerous functions that contribute to the achievement of an efficient drilling operation. The execution of these functions must be previously assured that the properties of the drilling fluids are correct for the specific type of drilling.

Anticipating well problems helps select a specific drilling fluid system for a particular well.

However, other factors may exist, requiring that a different or modified fluid system be used.

Many wells are successfully drilled using fluids that were not selected simply for performance reasons. The success of these wells is due to experienced mud engineers who adapt the drilling fluid system to meet the specific conditions found in each well.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The drilling fluid is a liquid or gas that circulates through the drill string up to the auger and return to the surface by the annular space.

To date a gas or oil well can not be drill without this basic concept of circulating fluid.

· A cycle is the time that is required for the pump to move the drilling fluid down to the hole and back to the surface.

· Drilling fluid is a key part of the process of drilling, and the success of a drilling program depends on its design.

· A drilling fluid for a particular area should be designed to meet specific requirements.

· In general, drilling fluids will have many properties that are beneficial for the operation, but also some others that They are not desirable. There is always a commitment.

HYPOTHESIS

This project demonstrated that the use of a remediated drilling fluid does not diminish the quality of its functions, minimizing the direct and toxic effects and complying with environmental care regulations.

Work is being done to improve the properties of the water and then to evaluate the environmental impact that exists in the places where well drilling is being carried out.

The drilling and conservation of the environment are not considered as activities or contradictory that have already been met with both achieving significant progress and continuing to seek improvements.

INSTRUMENTS OF EVALUATION

The functions of the drilling fluid is called "the oil well". The difficult environment in which drilling operations are carried out encourages the research and development of drilling fluids that can perform the crucial functions in the drilling process. The removal of the cuttings from the well and the control of training pressures are very important functions.

Although the priority of a telephone is determined by the conditions of the well and the operations below, the most common functions of the drilling fluid are the following:

•  Removal of the cuttings from the well.
• Control of training pressures.
• Suspension and unloading of the cuts.
• Clogging of permeable formations.
• Maintenance of the stability of the hole.
• Minimization of training damages
• Cooling, lubrication and support of the drill and the drill assembly.
• Transmission of hydraulic power to the tools and the drill.
• Security of an adequate evaluation of the training.
• Corrosion control.
• Ease for cementation and completion.
• Minimization of environmental impact.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE DRILLING FLUID

Environmental Requirements.

Our right to survival has prompted us to take preventive measures to pollute the environment originated during hydrocarbon activities.

Such are like the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), the Environmental Impact Study (EIA-sd), the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), the Environmental Adaptation and Management Program (PAMA), etc. These studies are governed by the D.S.-015-2006-EM which is the Regulation that establishes the norms and dispositions to regulate in the national territory the Environmental Management of the Hydrocarbons Activities

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