Most important contribution of Management

Title:

Most important contribution of Management

Introduction:

The management is wide social science that studies all the resources inside the companies and the best way to use them.

The most important resources of a company are basically two, the material assets which includes financial and production assets, and the human resources, which are the people who work and have the knowledge on how to develop a job that is needed to make the company work.

A proper management is essential in any company; this ensures a good production with attractive profits. Conversely, if there is mismanagement, the company can start producing poor quality products, have bad management of money and eventually go broke in a short time. That’s why we must know that administration is a full time job.

Development:

Frederick Winslow Taylor, the father of scientific management, was born on March 20, 1865, into an upper class liberal Philadelphia family. Taylor was a compulsive adolescent and was always counting and measuring things to figure a better way of doing something.

Frederick Taylor is often called the “father of scientific management.”

Taylor was known as the first well-known hard-hearted efficiency expert-with-a-stopwatch, whose goal was to increase the efficiency of a factory by re-making every employee into the exact image of the perfect worker who could do a specific task the fastest and the best. To accomplish this, Taylor laid out four fundamental Principles of ‘Scientific Management’

He mentioned that management should:

• Replace much-used ‘rules of thumb’ methods of doing a job with principles based on the scientific study of the tasks involved.

• Select employees scientifically, based on specific job requirements and train them intentionally, rather than letting them train themselves or just hoping they learn how to do what they need to do.

• Develop and provide detailed instructions for each task and supervise (measure) them in their performance.

• Create an equal division of labor between themselves and front-line employees, with managers applying the principles of scientific management to workers who do the work.

Henri Fayol was born in 1841 in a suburb of Istanbul, Turkey, where his father, an engineer, was superintendent of works to build a bridge over the Golden Horn. They returned to France in 1847, where Fayol studied at the mining school in Saint-Étienne and joined a mining company in Commentry as an engineer. By 1888, he was a director of the mine which now employed over 1000 people. It became one of the largest producers of iron and steel in France. Fayol stayed there for 30 years until 1918 by which time he had written down his management experiences in a book called “Administration Industrielle et Générale”, the book that would be his lasting legacy.

In his book, Fayol proposed that there were six primary functions of management. They were:

1. Forecasting

2. Planning

3. Organizing

4. Commanding

5. Coordinating

6. Controlling

He then went on to explain that these functions should be carried out according to 14 principles of management, namely:

1. Division of work. People work best when they specialize.

2. Authority. Managers have authority for work.

3. Discipline. Good discipline is essential and the responsibility of managers.

4. Unity of command. Every employee should have one superior who is responsible for their work.

5. Unity of direction. There should be one manager in charge of each group of organizational activities and they should work to one plan.

6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest. The interests of the organization as a whole come before the interests of employees.

7. Fair remuneration.

8. Managers have to decide the degree of involvement of subordinates in decision-taking depending on the task.

9. Communications should be from top down unless this causes delays when a form of cross-communications can be agreed by all involved.

10.

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