El Suelo Como síntesis De Las Condiciones Ambientales.

Greece

Capital: Athens

Official name: Hellenic Republic

Common name: Greece

Local common name: Ellas or Hellas

Geographic Coordinates

39º 00 'North, 22º 00' East

Geographical situation of Greece

South of Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea between Albania and Turkey.

The Greek Civilization

The Aegean, as we have seen, developed in the Eastern Mediterranean the first great European historical civilization. The Greeks, in the Hellenic peninsula and in the islands and coasts that before inhabited those with their people and their works, the second. The protagonists of this new cultural feat not only inherited from the Aegean the geographic scope for its historical life, but also not few of its many knowledges, techniques and works. But, in this case, the heirs so benefited were not limited to living on what was received; Increased it in a remarkable way and reached, in all the orders of life and the human task, achievements that their ancestors did not even catch a glimpse of.

In the history of the Greeks adventuring the old domain of Aegean civilization, at least four characteristic periods can be distinguished. The first would extend from the origins until the end of the ninth century a. Of J. C., times of formation and consolidation in the new home conquered. The second, characterized by a vigorous process of colonial expansion, would cover from the end of century IX a. Of J. C. until the end of VII; The third, between the years 600 and 400 a. Of J.C., marks an era of plenitude in the development of Greek social, political and economic institutions, and even culminating in a few aspects of artistic and literary creations.

Finally, from the year 400, the political decline of Greece begins; In the second half of the fourth century a. The Greek city-states lose their independence from Macedonian imperialism led by Alexander the Great, and two centuries later they are absorbed by the imperial expansion of Rome. Scientific and philosophical research, literature and other Hellenic cultural aspects did not decay at the same time as traditional institutions and political forms were being disrupted.

The country that is now called Greece was formerly known as Hellas, but politically it was fragmented into numerous polis or cities that were independent of each other, sometimes allied and sometimes faced in bloody wars.

The Greek civilization had a strong development in the philosophical field. It is often considered the "cradle of Western civilization," since its great thinkers were those who developed the first concepts of philosophy among which was the conception of atom physics (without division) and its art, simple, was characterized by the construction of temples with great pillars and gabled roofs; In the music they emphasized their folkloric dances and their songs were executed every day in all its activities.

Among the most famous monuments of this ancient civilization are:

* The Parthenon (literally "the residence of the young", that is to say, here "the residence of Athena Partenos") is one of the main Doric temples that are conserved, constructed between the years 447 a. C. and 432 a. C. in the Acropolis of Athens. It is dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, whom the Athenians considered their protector.

* The theater of Epidaurus is an ancient theater of Argólida, built in century IV a. C. to host the Asclepius, contest in honor of the medical god Asclepio. It is the model of many Greek theaters.

* The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus or the Sepulcher of Mausoleum, was a sumptuous funerary monument built between the years 353 BC. C. and 350 a. C.1 in Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey) to Mausolus, a satrap of the Persian Empire. The structure was commissioned by his wife and sister, Artemisia II of Caria, to the Greek architects Satyr of Paros and Piteo.

The Climate: Temperate, mild, humid winters, hot, dry summers. Greece enjoys a temperate Mediterranean climate. In the summer the days are long and the temperatures are high. Often at the end of the day there may be a refreshing breeze, especially in the coastal areas and in the north of the country. On summer days, Athens can reach 42 ° C. Winters are mild in the south and colder in the north. The rainy season is from November to March.

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