Internacional Transport of Goods

Internacional Transport of Goods

International trade involves the shipment of goods from one country to another. Therefore international transport includes transport assembly operating in a geographic space and in a certain context.

When we speak of international transport, we must consider:

• Transportation, themselves
• Infrastructure: roads, trails, etc.
• The organization of the system

Knowing matters relating to international transport is essential for the impact of the medium chosen in the costs of foreign trade operations, the risks of transfer of goods and parallel operational tasks that each mode generated. For the selection of appropriate means of transport, you should consider:

• the type of goods to be exported
• packaging and packaging
• Shipping emergencies
• the handling to be made of the burden
• the availability of transportation
• Rates

Following are the main means of international transportation

Marine Transport

It is the means of transport par excellence; It is what enables moving large weights and volumes of solid or liquid goods, having increased the transport rate in recent years.

The essential characteristics of maritime traffic are:

International Character: because it is virtually the only economic means of transporting large volumes of goods between geographically distant points. Capacity: tonnage of ships came many years to overcome the half million dwt in large tankers.

• Flexibility implies the possibility of using vessels from small sizes.
• Versatility for different types of ships adapted to all types of cargo.

Thus we can find:

General cargo: breakbulk to unitized or unconsolidated not (without pallet without container) and unit load (with pallet and container)

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Tankers: liquid bulk cargo (crude oil, refined products and chemicals, liquefied gases etc.)

Bulk carriers OR "BULK CARRIERS" solid bulk cargo (minerals and preferably cereal)

Container ships: to transport the TEU (unit of measurement equivalent to one 20 TM) among the major world ports

RO-RO SHIPS: for rolling cargo (cars, trucks, tractors etc.)

Barge transportation VESSELS: those that are released to the proximity of the port and are driven to the destination port by tugboats.

Shipping offers various ways in their operation and costs, namely:

Remember the importance of Lading ( Bill of Lading or B / L), an instrument which accredits the contract of carriage by sea or river. The shipping company manufactures its shipping agent or the ship's captain and he has the receipt of the cargo on board the ship for transport to the port to be indicated in the same document. (See International Documentation).

Air Transport

It is the means of transport used when long journeys (intercontinental) should be performed to transport goods value and in case of urgent or special trips. What has become attractive air transport of goods is the rate for urgent shipments of perishable materials and high unit value, ease of control and monitoring, security, backup space, transfer possibilities and internationality, in the use of airspace of some countries on the other  in turn, it is favorable for sending high-priced goods and low volume / weight (such as surgical equipment, scientific instruments, etc.); transportation risk is lower, thus insurance costs are cheaper and simultaneously sends the shipping documents. 

The airline pricing is done in most cases according to the coefficient of aerial stowage or stowage rate IATA ( International Air Transport Association ) which is an index of volume / weight equivalence developing the concept of volume weight. 
Remember that the key instrument in this transport is the AWB ( Air Way Bill ) that implements the contract of carriage of goods, It serves as customs declaration, delivery and receipt of insurance policy (when asked). This document does not prove the ownership of the goods.

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Truck transport

This means of transport has been gaining much ground in the last 20 years. Among its advantages we can highlight the variety of lines and types of existing vehicles, the increased flexibility that allows vehicles to transport any amount, any type and any size of load, lower costs and less damage to the loads.

Within the means we have trucks of various tonnages (light, medium, heavy) traylers, semitraylers and traylers tanks and tippers disabilities.

The essential characteristics of road transport are basically the following:

Penetration: make a service "door to door".

Flexibility: This refers to the ability of road vehicles transporting small packages or large volumes (special transports). In turn, they can transport all kinds of products: solid, liquid or gaseous.

Speed: The loading and unloading facilities, freedom of organization of schedules and speed of the vehicles themselves, make this very suitable means for urgent shipments.

Ease of coordination with other means: It facilitates the transfer of goods in combined transport, assembly of vehicles other medium in superimposed and cargo handling unitized multimodal.

Railway transport

Its transport capacity is much larger than truck transport and requires less labor per ton / kilometer for transport.However, it is limited by the rail network since in many cases are only required in a complementary manner.Because of the large carrying tons, railways can compete with trucks in terms of freight between cities, but when it comes to freight in the inner cities this advantage disappears.

It has low costs, wide geographical distribution and good availability of warehousing and storage.

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