Metodos De Ubicacion De Plantas

METHODS OF PLANT LOCATION

There are many techniques to identify potential sites for the location of plants and other facilities.

The process required to focus the decision in a particular area can vary greatly depending on the type of business that this company and competitive pressures to consider.

Often there are many different criteria that must be taken into account when selecting a group of feasible sites.

• Factors Rating System

• Transport method of linear programming

• Centroid method.

RATING SYSTEM FACTORS

Rating systems factors are perhaps the general location techniques most often used because they provide a mechanism for combining various factors in an easy to understand.

For example:

A refinery assigns the following range of percentages to the main factors that affect a group of potential sites

Fuel in the region 0-330

Availability and reliability of energy 0-200

Work climate 0-100

Living conditions 0-100

Transport 0 to 50

Water supply 0-10

Weather 0-50

Providing 0 to 60

Policies and tax laws 0-20

It was qualified each site is based on each factor and select a percentage of its assigned range. Then it was compared the sum of the points assigned to each site and chose the site with more points.

A major problem with the simplified diagrams of grade point is that do not take into account the wide variety of costs that can occur in each factor, for example, there may be a difference of a few thousand dollars between the best and worst location a factor and several hundred dollars from the best location in another factor.

It is likely that the first factor has the most points but that is not helpful in making the decision on the location, and perhaps the second has few points but show a real difference in the value of the locations.

To manage this program for deriving suggests possible points for each scale factor using a weighting based on the standard deviations of the costs.

This is possible to consider the relative costs.

TRANSPORT METHOD OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING

The transport method is a special linear programming method, gets its name from its application in problems involving the transportation of products from various sources to destinations.

The two common objectives of these problems are:

• Minimize the cost of shipping n units to m destinations

• Maximize the usefulness of sending n units to m destinations

CENTROID METHOD

The centroid method is a technique to locate facilities that considered existing facilities, the distances between them and the volumes of goods to be sent, the technique is used to locate intermediate storage or distribution.

In its simplest form, this method assumes

...