Preguntas Hemorragia De Vias Digestivas Altas

Question 1

Which of the following simple diagnostic measures may

yield clues to the source of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage?

a) Examination of the pupils and carbon-14 breathing test

b) Esophageal manometry and test for occult blood in the

stool

c) Insertion of a nasogastric tube and rectal stool examination

d) Venous and arterial blood gas analysis

e) Blood count and ECG

Question 2

What is the most common cause of upper

gastrointestinalbleeding?

a) Duodenal ulcer

b) Gastriculcer

c) Esophagealulcer

d) Refluxesophagitis

e) Esophageal varices

Question 3

Which of the following clinical signs is seen in upper

gastrointestinal bleeding?

a) Hematemesis

b) Fall of body temperature

c) Hemosiderosis

d) Bradycardia

e) Rise in blood pressure

Question 4

What is the percentage risk of recurrent hemorrhage after

a Forrest IIb bleed without local endoscopic treatment?

(a) 5% to 10%

(b) 15% to 20%

(c) 25% to 30%

(d) 35% to 40%

(e) 45% to 50%

Question 5

Which of the following statements about local endoscopic

therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?

a) Local endoscopic therapy reduces the need for surgery.

b) Local endoscopic therapy is of lesser importance than

surgical treatment.

c) Local endoscopic therapy is limited to the application of

one particular method.

d) Local endoscopic therapy can only be performed in the

esophagus.

e) Local endoscopic therapy is performed through

a rigid endoscope.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about medical therapy

for gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?

a) Antibiotic prophylaxis after esophageal variceal bleeding

improves survival.

b) Antibiotic prophylaxis after gastric ulcer bleeding is

indicated for patients over 80 years of age.

c) Treatment with a proton pump inhibitor improves survival

in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding.

d) A Forrest IIa hemorrhage is treated with intravenous

antibiotics.

e) The administration of terlipressin causes arterial

vasodilation in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Question 7

Which of the following techniques is used during

endoscopic hemostasis?

a) The injection of hyaluronic acid

b) The application of endoclips

c) The application of tamponades

d) The injection of botulinum toxin solution

e) Embolization with starch spheres

Question 8

Which of the following parameters indicates

a poor prognosis ?

a) Advanced age of the patient

b) Uncomplicated ventricular ulcer

c) Helicobacter pylori colonization

d) Stable blood pressure

e) No active bleeding seen at endoscopy

Question 9

Which of the following statements about varices

is correct?

a) Varices of the gastric fundus are surgically removed in a

very invasive operation on the stomach.

b) The placement of a balloon catheter is the treatment of

choice for variceal hemorrhage.

c) A Mallory-Weiss lesion is a varix of the duodenum.

d) Esophageal varices are often the cause of upper

gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

e) For a patient with variceal bleeding, endoscopy should be

deferred until the bleeding stops.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the eradication

of an associated Helicobacter pylori infection in a patient

with a gastrointestinal hemorrhage is correct ?

a) The eradication of an associated Helicobacter pylori

infection is the treatment of choice for esophageal varices

if no other source of hemorrhage is found.

b) The successful eradication of an associated Helicobacter

pylori infection reduces the risk of recurrent hemorrhage in

the first year after the initial bleed to less than 5%.

c) Helicobacter pylori eradication after a Mallory-Weiss tear

raises the probability of having no further hemorrhages by

60%.

d) Randomized studies have refuted the hypothesis that

successful

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