El proyecto de las operaciones de la cadena de suministro managemet la Nao de Сhina

INTRODUCTION

This proyect of operations & supply chain managemet it’s about the Nao of China, the word NAO means ship or boat and in the 14th, 15th and first half of the 16th century, the word also referred to a more specific type of warship that was distinguished by having a high freeboard, fitted with sails three-masted blocks and castles in bow and stern. The naos are an evolution of the medieval cocas, round town merchant ships and a single mast with a square sail.

The Nao of China shows the importance of the relationship that engaged in Mexico and Latin America with China. Thanks to this trade route was achieved an impressive cultural exchange, being Puebla one of the cities benefit the most, since "they had step" in the Veracruz route - Acapulco, and numerous products were welcomed and appropriate by the poblanos. Speaking of cultural exchange we can not separate products introduced to the new Spain and that became part of our identity.

For me this project it’s important because I will understand and have a better knowledge of how the businesses started somehow between Mexico and Asia, and how it has been improved through the time.

The Spanish expeditions of century XVI to lands and unknown seas were motivated by the greed of fame, evangelization purposes and a strong economic interest. The commercial activity that was derived from these expeditions reached its greatest exponent in maritime traffic that was generated between Asia and new Spain and Europe by galleons. This movement, of which the port of Acapulco became Center (both Manila-Sevilla shaft and shaft Californias - the Peru Viceroyalty) left deep mark on all aspects of the daily life of the new Spain and the current Mexico. The influence received from China and the Philippines, mediated through the Nao de China, was such that, after 200 years of the disappearance of that business relationship, remains patent in aspects of heritage, economy, crafts, population, architecture, gastronomy, folklore and the Mexican religious manifestations.

HISTORY

New Spain served as a commercial bridge between Europe and Asia during the years of the colonial period. Between two and four times a year, Spanish galleons sailed from Veracruz with the oriental goods arriving on the shores of Acapulco in the famous naos of China, i.e. large vessels making the journey from the port of Manila in the Philippines.

From Manila left Eastern products from different places of origin: China, fabrics and objects of silk (socks and handkerchiefs to bedspreads and tablecloths) and Persian carpets in the Middle East; parts of the India cotton; Japan and China, Conchinchina left fans, chests of drawers, chests, chests and lacquered jewelers, combs and bells, screens, notaries and porcelain. Islands, Moluccas, Java and Ceylon, sailors brought spices, mainly clove, pepper and cinnamon. Other products supplying East were: wool, camel, ivory - carved or wrought religious figures-, vines for baskets, jade, amber, precious stones, wood and Cork, mother-of-Pearl and shell mother of Pearl, iron, Tin, gunpowder, fruits of China, among others.

In American territory, the fair of Acapulco and, since the beginning of the 18th century, el Parian of the largest square of the city of Mexico were the points of sale.

A good part of products traveled to Veracruz for shipment to Spain - with stops in Puebla and Jalapa markets-. Some consignments were distributed inland, toward the mining centres and and the major cities of the Bajio or Oaxaca.

Most of the Asian products were luxury goods and only had access to the new Spain wealthy families. For common people was quite an event the arrival of exotic objects that brought the famous nao de China and often went to the Parian only to admire precious pieces, such as enconchados, lacquers, carey or silver parts, bunkers, etc. However, in the 18th century appeared craft workshops novo hispanos that copying designs and traces of the Asian handicrafts, for example in chests, boxes and screens, and that allowed that the objects of Oriental influences extend to a wider population layer.

The purpose of finding a way to West which led to Asian riches (spices, silk, gunpowder, ivory, among other products) made that Colón discovered America and that, in subsequent years, the expeditions escalate. In the year 1521 there were two events that made possible the desired route between Spain and Asia: Magallanes-Elcano expedition discovered the Philippine archipelago and ended Hernán Cortés conquer the Aztec Empire (which became known as new Spain).Few years later, the search for this trade route was from New Spain, with armed to explore territories in the South Sea. These were the expeditions of Hernando de Grijalba (1536-1538), sponsored by Hernán cuts, or the entrusted by Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza and Álvaro de Saavedra (1527) to Ruy López de Villalobos (1541-1543), who ended up reaching the islands of Samar and Leyte, which he called Philippine Islands.

In September of 1559, Felipe II ordered to don Luís de Velasco, second viceroy of new Spain, build another fleet to conquer these islands. After several years of work in the construction of four ships in the shipyard of Barra de Navidad, the expedition was entrusted to Miguel López de Legazpi. This was traveling with his grandson Felipe de Salcedo and his uncle, el fraile, pilot and cosmographer Andrés de Urdaneta (Fig. 1), preferred by the King. The Expedition departed from Barra de Navidad on November 21, 1564 and mid-February de1565 arrived in the Philippines, where they founded the town of San Miguel in Cebu on April 27.

The trip began Friday, July 1, 1565, according to an itinerary prepared by Urdaneta to move away from the areas of storms (sailing first to the Northeast, turning then to Southeast, down to the middle of the ocean and then returning to the course to the northeast). September 26 was seen California, but the plague of sea swept the crew and arrival at Acapulco of the Galleon San Pedro did not occur until October 8. With this key travel, Urdaneta route was established.

Interestingly, a ship separated from the expedition, the patache San Lucas, commanded by Alonso de Arellano, after surrounding part of the coast of China was launched in pursuit of the American continent coming to anchor in the port of Christmas two months before the own Urdaneta (August 9, 1565), although, to tip of miracles (A. Landín Carrasco).

At age six of these facts, in 1571, Manila was founded as the header of the Islands. Then, with the names of Manila Galleon, Nao de China, ships of the silk and Acapulco Galleon, did trade in goods which, from different regions of Asia, were concentrated in Manila

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